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Geol. 1403/Cook quiz 2

front 1

____ was an ancient reptile that lived in South America during the late Paleozoic.

back 1

Mesosaurus

front 2

In the early part of the 20th century, ____ argued forcefully for continental drift.

back 2

Alfred Wegener

front 3

The former late Paleozoic super continent is known as ____.

back 3

Pangaea

front 4

Today, ____ is in about the same geographic position as during late Paleozoic time.

back 4

Antarctica

front 5

What paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern hemisphere?

back 5

tillites (rocks formed by glaciers) in South Africa and South America.

front 6

Pull -apart rift zones are generally associated with a ____ plate boundary.

back 6

divergent

front 7

The temperature below which a magnetic material can retain a permenant magnetization is called the ____.

back 7

Curie point

front 8

A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ____.

back 8

hot spot

front 9

Linear, magnetic patterens associated with mid-ocean ridges are configured as ____.

back 9

normal and reversed magnitized strips roughly parallel to the ridge.

front 10

The ____ is(are) a revolutionary analog of the African Rift Valleys ten million years from now.

back 10

Red Sea

front 11

A typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is ____.

back 11

2 centimeters per year.

front 12

What energy source is thought to drive the lateral motions of earth's lithospheric plates?

back 12

export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere.

front 13

The continental drift hypothesis was rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not ____.

back 13

identify a mechanism capable of moving continents.

front 14

What is not evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics?

back 14

changes in the moon's orbit due to shifting plates.

front 15

____ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea.

back 15

Islands of Precambrian rocks along the Mid-Atlantic ridge.

front 16

What most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands?

back 16

sheild volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithosphere plate.

front 17

What statement applies to the asthenosphere but not the lithosphere?

back 17

zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage.

front 18

New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ____.

back 18

divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma.

front 19

Cooler, older, ocaenic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ____.

back 19

subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries.

front 20

Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for ____.

back 20

sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone.

front 21

A transform plate boundary is characterized by ____.

back 21

a deep, verticle vault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions.

front 22

What is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory.

back 22

Earth's diameter has been essentially constant over time.

front 23

The modern-day Red Sea is explained by tectonics theory because it is ____.

back 23

a rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate.

front 24

Mount St. Helens and other cascade volcanoes are ____.

back 24

young, active strato volcanoes built on a continental margin above a sinking slab of oceanic lithosphere.

front 25

The volcanoes and deep valleys of East Africa are related to a____.

back 25

continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate.

front 26

The Aleutian Islands occur at ____.

back 26

convergent boundary on a volcanic arc above a northward-subconducting Pacific plate.

front 27

____ most effectively outline the edges of the lithospheric plates.

back 27

Lines of earthquake epicenters.

front 28

Deep-oceanic trenches are most abundant around the rim of the ____ ocean basin.

back 28

Pacific

front 29

Where would you drill to recover samples of the oldest basalts of the oceanic crust, which are Jurassic in age?

back 29

oceanic side of the Aleutian trench.

front 30

____ first related the symmetrical magnetic patterns in seafloor basalts to seafloor spreading at a mid-ocean ridge.

back 30

Vine and Mathews

front 31

Early results of the deep Sea Drilling Project clearly justified the conclusion that ____.

back 31

the ocean basins are relatively young; most ocean basin rocks and sediments are Cretaceous or younger.

front 32

divergent

back 32

plates are moving apart from one another.

front 33

convergent

back 33

plates are moving toward one another

front 34

transform

back 34

plates are sliding past one another horizontally

front 35

This boundary is normally devoid of volcanism

back 35

transform plate boundary

front 36

Where lithosphere is sinking into the mantle

back 36

convergent plate boundary

front 37

Characterized by basaltic volcanism and seafloor spreading

back 37

divergent plate boundary

front 38

characterized by arcs of stratovolcanoes and deep-ocean trenches.

back 38

convergent plate boundary

front 39

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a ____.

back 39

divergent plate boundary

front 40

Where subduction zones occur

back 40

convergent plate boundary

front 41

The San Andreas fault is a ____.

back 41

transform plate boundary

front 42

The west coast of South America is a ____.

back 42

convergent plate boundary.