The early stage of embryonic development during which rapid mitotic cell divisions occur as the zygote travels down the uterine ( fallopian ) tube is called _____.

cleavage

vesicular ( Graafian ) follicle

Stem cell

The presence of more oxytocin receptors in the uterus leads to weak, irregular contractions known as ____.

Braxton hicks

the fluid-filled sac surrounding the fetus is the ____.

amnion

Male sex chromosomes are represented as _____.

XY

Normally menstruation occurs when ____.

blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes?

the infundibulum is the funnel-shapped region near the ovary

The pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix

True

the ligament that anchors the anterior portion of the uterus is called the _____.

round ligament

All of the following things occur during meiosis I with the exception of one thing. Select the statement below that does not occur during meiosis I.

the sister chromatids are separated from each other

the fatty, rounded area overlying the pubic symphysis of a female is the _____.

mons pubis

the series of events that expel the infant from the uterus are referred to collectively as _____.

labor

acrosome

location of mitochondria

As the infants head is forced against the cervix with each contraction, the cervix effaces, which means that it

thins

trace the pathway of sperm through the duct system during ejaculation ______.

epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

which hormone is the necessary trigger for ovulation to occur?

LH

secretion of progesterone stimulates ______.

preparation of the mammary glands for lactation

the basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that _____

in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell

the hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics is

testosterone

menopause, which ends childbirth ability, is considered to have occurred when a woman _____

has gone a year without menstuation

the placenta and its attached fetal membranes, expelled from the uterus during the placental stage of labor, are collectively referred to as ____

the after birth

flagellum

the duct system of the male reproductive system includes all but which of the following?

corpus spongiosum

which of the following is not a primary germ layer

epiderm

All but one of the following statements is true of uterine function. select the statement that is not true of uterine function.

the narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization

all but one of the following statements describes the necessity of the blood testis barrier. select the one statement that does not describe a necessity of the blood testis barrier.

sperm can only be produced at temperatures lower than body temperature. inflammation in the testis could raise the temperature too high to produce sperm.

the gonads produce sex cells, also known as

gametes

the structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the

fallopian tubes

corpus luteum

the movement of an egg cell down a uterine tube is aided by

both ciliary action and peristaltic contractions

thick, clear mucus that cleanses the urethra of acidic urine is produced by the

bulbo-urethral glands

fertilization generally occurs in the

fallopian tubes

early spermatids

Match

1) forms the mothers part of the placenta

2) becomes the embryonic disc

3) surrounds the uterine cavity face of the implanted embryo

4) forms the chorion

Answers in order

decidua basalis 1

inner cell mass 2

decidua capsularis 3

trophoblast 4

which of the choices below occurs if implantation is successful

the corpus luteum is maintained until the placenta takes over its hormone-producing functions.

the dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. which of the following is true about the role they play?

they regulate the temperature of the testes

by the end of the embryonic period, at 8 weeks, all the adult organ systems are recognizable

true

the process by which the acrosome membranes of sperm break down is known as

the acrosomal reaction

select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle

high estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release

select the correct statement about male sexual response

erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood

meiosis occurs during

both spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Days 6-14 of the uterine (menstrual) cycle are known as the ____ phase. this phase concludes with ovulation

proliferative

Match

1) leads to the development of a morula and then a blastocyst

2) leads to the formation of the first cell of the new individual

3) leads to the establishment of the three primary germ layers

4) leads to enhancement of sperm motility and increasing membrane fragility to enable enzyme release from acrosomes

5) embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall

Answers in order

cleavage 1

fertilization 2

gastrulation 3

capacitation 4

implantation 5

the infant is delivered during the second stage of labor known as the _____stage

expulsion

ovarian follicles contain mature eggs

false

human egg and sperm are similar in that

they have the same number of chromosomes

in the block to polyspermy, entry of the sperms contents causes _____ levels in the oocytes cytoplasm to rise, triggering the cortical reaction

calcium ion

failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum is a condition known as _____

cryptorchidism

an episiotomy is an incision made to widen the vaginal orifice, aiding fetal expulsion

true

the stage called ovulation

which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true

each spermatid forms two sperm

the innermost mucosa layer of the uterus is called the

endometrium

which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle

corpus luteum

which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum

labia majora

in fetal circulation, one way in which blood bypasses the nonfunctional lungs is by way of the foramen ovale

true

the constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through

meiosis

first cells with n number of chromosomes

cells of the _____ gather around the notochord and neural tube and produce the vertebra and rib at their associated level

sclerotome

which of the following glands are responsible for 70% of the synthesis of semen

the seminal vesicles

select the correct statement about testosterone control

GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary

of the three germ layers, the mesoderm forms the most body parts

true

the most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is

failure of the testis to make their normal decent

Milk ejection ( the letdown reflex ) is stimulated by which of the following hormones associated with pregnancy

oxytocin

which of the following refers to the transfer of sperm and harvested oocytes together into the woman's uterine tubes in the hopes that fertilization will take place there

gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

primary spermatocyte

Undifferentiated spermatogenic cells are called

spermatogonia

the enlarged tip of the penis is called the

glans penis

primordial follicle

which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina

serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte

the male and female reproductive systems

transport sex cells to sites of fertilization

secrete hormones for developing secondary sex characteristics

produce sex cells

secrete hormones for maintaining secondary sex characteristics

(Answer) All of the above

women athletes sometimes experience disturbances in their reproductive cycles because of

decreased synthesis of estrogens

the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

involves FSH and LH release

all but one of the following statements are true regarding the differences between early and late spermatids. select the answer below that does not reflect a difference between early and late spermatids

early spermatids have not undergone meiosis and are still diploid

type B spermatogonia

androgens are

male sex hormones

the first major event in organogenesis is

neurulation

the genetic determinate for male reproductive development is

the SRY gene

Follicle-stimulating hormone causes a primordial follicle to start the maturation process

true

the amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is dependent on the influence of FSH alone.

false

the hormone mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is

estrogen

the pigmented area of a females breast that surrounds the nipple is the

areola

it is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature for abundant, viable sperm formation

true