Human A/P I Lab (Lab 7) Flashcards
Anterior Neck: Omohyoid

Straplike with two bellies; lateral to sternohyoid
Anterior Neck: Geniohyoid

Superior to medial border of mylohyoid muscle
Anterior Neck: Sternohyoid
*Know origin, insertion, and action*
Runs most medially along neck; straplike
Origin: Manubrium and clavicle
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Depress hyoid bone and larynx
Anterior Neck: Stylohyoid
*Know origin, insertion, and action*

Slender muscle parallels posterior border of digastric; below angle of jaw
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: Body of hyoid bone
Action: Elevates and retracts tongue, elevate hyoid bone and the larynx
Anterior Neck: Mylohyoid
*Know origin, insertion, and action*

Just deep to digastric; forms floor of mouth
Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Elevates floor of mouth and hyoid bone
Anterior Neck: Digastric
*Know origin, insertion, and action*

Consists of two bellies united by an intermediate tendon; forms a V-shape under chin
Origin: Inferior surface of mandible, Mastoid of temporal bone
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Depresses mandible or elevates larynx
Anterior Neck: Genioglossus
*Know origin, insertion, and action*

Fan-shaped tongue muscle; forms the majority of the body of the tongue
Origin: Mandible
Insertion: Undersurface of tongue and hyoid bone
Action: Protraction: depresses and thrusts tongue forward
Anterior Neck: Styloglossus
*Know origin, insertion, and action*

Arises from anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: Side and under surface of tongue
Action: Retraction: elevates tongue and draws it backward
Anterior Neck: Hyoglossus
*Know origin, insertion, and action*

Flat, wide muscle that lies in the lateral portion of the root of the tongue
Origin: Body of hyoid bone
Insertion: Side of tongue
Action: Depresses tongue and draws down its sides
Head Movement: Sternocleidmastoid
*Know origin, insertion, and action*

Long muscle in the side of the neck that extends up from the thorax to the base of the skull behind the ear
Origin: Sternum, clavicle
Insertion: Both: Mastoid process of the Temporal bone
Action: Flexes head, rotates head toward opposite side; spasm of this muscle alone associated with torticollis
Head Movement: Semispinalis capitis

Deep to splenius, and medial to the longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitis
Head Movement: splenius capitis

Broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck
Vertebral Column, Spine: Cervical Spine

Houses the spinal cord that messages from the brain to control all aspects of the body--allows movement in all directions.
Vertebral Column, Spine: Thoracic Spine

Longest region of the spine, connects cervical between cervical and lumbar portions. Only spinal region attached to the rib cage.
Vertebral Column, Spine: Lumbar Spine

Lower back, where the spine curves inward towards the abdomen.
Vertebral Column, Spine: Sacral Spine

Triangular shaped bone consisting of five segments fused together.
Vertebral Column: Coccygeal Bone

Tail-like bone at the end of spine
Vertebral Column: Atlas (C1)

First cervical vertebra
Vertebral Column: Axis (C2)

Second vertebral vertebra
Vertebral Column: Dens

Protuberance of the Axis (C2)
Vertebrae: Spinous Process
*Identify each structure on each vertebrae*

Bony projection off the posterior of each vertebrae.
Vertebrae: Transverse Process

Small bony projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae.
Vertebrae: Vertebral foramen

Vertebral arch creates a foramen (opening), found within a normal vertebrae.
Vertebrae: Vertebral body

Thick oval segment of bone forming the front of the vertebrae.
Vertebrae: Lamina

Flattened or arched part of the vertebral arch, forming the roof of the spinal canal.
Vertebrae: Pedicle

Stub of bone that connects the lamina to the vertebral body.
Vertebrae: Inferior & superior articular process

Projects superiorly and inferiorly from the vertebral arch.
Vertebrae: Inferior & superior articular facets

Articular surface of the inferior and superior process of vertebrae.
Vertebrae, Sacrum: Base

Broad and expanded, directed upward and forward. Articulates with the body of the fifth lumbar vertebrae in the midline.
Vertebrae, Sacrum: Apex

Lower end of sacrum that articulates with the coccyx.
Vertebrae, Sacrum: Coccyx

(Tailbone) Triangular arrangement of bone that makes up the very bottom portion of the spine below the sacrum.
Spinal Nerve: Endoneurium

Connective tissue in a peripheral nerve, separating individual nerve fibers.
Spinal Nerve: Perineurium
Connective tissue sheath surrounding each bundle of nerve fibers in a peripheral nerve.
Spinal Nerve: Epineurium

Sheath of a peripheral nerve.
Cranial/Spinal Meninges: Dura Mater

Tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.
Cranial/Spinal Meninges: Arachnoid Mater

Forms the middle layer of the meninges.
Cranial/Spinal Meninges: Subarachnoid Mater

Interval between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater.
Cranial/Spinal Meninges: Pia Mater

Innermost layer of the meninges and is directly adherent to the surface of the brain and spinal cord itself.
Spinal Cord: Dorsal Root (Sensory Neurons)

Nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from the organism's environment into internal electrical impulses.
Spinal Cord: Ventral Root (Motor Neurons)

Consits of axons from motor neurons whose cell bodies are found within the gray matter of the spinal cord.
Spinal Cord: Dorsal Root Ganglion

Contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons that bring information from the periphery to the spinal cord.
Spinal Cord: Dorsal Ramus of Spinal Nerve

Carries information that supplies muscles and sensation to the human back.
Spinal Cord: Ventral Ramus of Spinal Nerve

Supply parts of the trunk and limbs.
Spinal Cord: White Matter

Brain and spinal cord tissue, consisting mainly of nerve fibers with myelin sheaths.
Spinal Cord: Anterior White Commissure

Bridge of white substance which connects the ventral columns over the dorsal end of the ventral median fissure.
Spinal Cord: Anterior/Ventral Median Fissure

The more open ventral tissue of white matter in spinal cord; divides spinal cord in half.
Spinal Cord: Posterior/Dorsal Median Sulcus

A shallow groove along the midline of the posterior part of the spinal cord.
Spinal Cord: Gray Matter

Darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites.
Spinal Cord:Anterior Gray Commissure

Narrow bands of gray substance spanning the midline posterior to the central canal.
Spinal Cord: Posterior Gray Commissure

Thin strip of gray matter that surrounds the central canal.
Spinal Cord: Central Canal

Cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord.
Spinal Cord: Gray Horns
Formed from gray matter; Three types: dorsal, lateral, and ventral.
Spinal Cord: Posterior Gray Horn
One of the three gray columns of the spinal cord.
Spinal Cord: Conus Medullaris

Bundled, tapered end of the spinal cord nerves.
Spinal Cord: Cauda Equina

Base of the spinal column, near the first lumbar vertebra, is a collection of nerves.
Spinal Cord: Filum Terminale
Strand of fibrous tissue, about 20 cm in length, proceeding downward from the apex of the conus medullaris.