Chapter 1:
Are bacteria unicellular or multicellular?
unicellular
Chapter 1:
Who invented the nomenclature system?
Carolus Linnaeus
Chapter 1:
What was Carolus Linnaeus known for?
nomenclature system
Chapter 1:
T/F: Bacteria don't have a nucleus
true
Chapter 1:
T/F: Bacteria have nuclei.
false
Chapter 1:
Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
prokaryotic
Chapter 1:
What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?
bacillus, cocci, spiraus
Chapter 1:
How do most bacteria divide?
binary fission
Chapter 1:
Are Archaea prokaryotic or eurkaryotic
prokaryotic
Chapter 1:
T/F: Archaea have peptidoglycan walls
falst
Chapter 1:
T/F: Archaea don't have peptidoglycan walls
true
Chapter 1:
Most halophiles, thermophiles, and methanogens can be found under which domain?
Archaea
Chapter 1:
T/F: Most fungi are multicellular.
true
(yeast is unicellular)
Chapter 1:
T/F: Most fungi are unicellular
false
Chapter 1:
Are Protozoa eukaryotic or prokaryotic
eukaryotic
Chapter 1:
T/F: Algae are photosynthetic organisms.
true
Chapter 1:
T/F: Algae are non-photosynthetic.
false
Chapter 1:
Are algae unicellular or multicellular
BOTH!!
Chapter 1:
Viruses
noncelular entities that are parasites of cells
Chapter 1:
Describe the structure of virus
RNA/DNA surrounded by protein coat (sometimes surrounded by envelope)
Chapter 1:
Do viruses have RNA or DNA
both
Chapter 1:
Who first observed "cells" under a microscope?
Robert Hooke
Chapter 1:
What was Robert Hooke's achievement?
viewing "cells" under a microscope via cork
Chapter 1:
Who was the first to observe microbes
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Chapter 1:
What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek's accomplishment?
first to observe microbes under a microscope
Chapter 1:
Who performed the "meat/fly" experiment?
Francesco Redi
Chapter 1:
What did Francesco Redi accomplish?
meat/flies experiment
Chapter 1:
Who first introduced the concept of biogenesis?
Rudolf Virchow
Chapter 1:
What did Rudolf Virchow accomplish?
introduced the concept of biogenesis
Chapter 1:
biogenesis
all living cells can arise only from preexisting cell
Chapter 1:
spontaneous generation
all living organisms could arise from nonliving matter
Chapter 1:
Louis Pasteur
found out microbes are involved in fermentation
Chapter 1:
Who found out that microbes were involved in fermentation?
Louis Pasteur
Chapter 1:
Who found that handwashing reduced infections in the hospital
Ignaz Semelweis
Chapter 1:
What was Ignaz Semelweis' accomplishment?
handwashing reduced infections in the hospital
Chapter 1:
Who applied the Germ theory in medicine by treating surgical wounds with phenol?
Joseph Lister
Chapter 1:
What was Joseph Lister's accomplishment
applied Germ theory in medicine
treated surgical wounds with phenol
Chapter 1:
What was Richard Koch's accomplishment?
Koch's Postulates
Chapter 1:
Who invented the experimental steps to link specific microbes to a specific disease
Richard Koch
Chapter 1:
Koch's Postulates
experimental steps to link specific microbes to a specific disease
Chapter 1:
Who introduced vaccinations?
Edward Fenner
Chapter 1:
What was Edward Fenner's accomplishment?
introducing vaccinations
Chapter 1:
Who searched for "something" to kill bacteria?
Paul Ehrlich
Chapter 1:
What was Paul Ehrlich's accomplishment?
found "something" to kill bacteria
salvarsan --> treated syphilis
Chapter 1:
Who accidently founded penicilin?
Alexander Flemming
Chapter 1:
What was Alexander Flemming's accomplishment?
founded penicilin
Chapter 2:
Do endergonic reactions require or release energy?
require
Chapter 2:
Do exergonic reactions require or release energy?
release
Chapter 2:
What dissociates into H+ and anions?
acid
Chapter 2:
What dissociates into OH- and cations?
base
Chapter 2:
anions
"-" atoms
Chapter 2:
cations
"+" atoms
Chapter 2:
What dissociates into aniona and cations that are not H+ or OH-
salt
Chapter 2:
Which macromolecule consists of carbons with 2:1 ratios of H:O
carbs
Chapter 2:
Which macromolecule is insoluble in water
lipids
Chapter 2:
simple lipid structure
glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains
Chapter 2:
saturated lipid
no double bonds between carbons
Chapter 2:
unsaturated lipid
at least one double bond is present between the carbons
Chapter 2:
phospholipid structure
glycerol, 2 fatty acids, one phosphate group
Chapter 2:
Sterols are what type of macromolecule?
lipids
Chapter 2:
nucleotide structure
pentose (deoxyribose/ribose)
phosphate group
nitrogen-containing base
Chapter 4:
What is a glycocalyx?
capsule, slime layer, or extracellular polysaccharide made of gelatinous polysaccharides and/or polypeptide covering
Chapter 4:
What are axial filaments?
"motile" filaments that wrap around spirals
Chapter 4:
What is the main function of fimbriae?
adhere to cell surfaces
Chapter 4:
What is the main function of pili?
motility and DNA transfer
Chapter 4:
What does peptidoglycan consist of?
NAG and NAM and short chains of amino acids
Chapter 4:
What does the outer membrane of gram negative cells consist of?
lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein-phospholipid outer membrane surrounding a thing polypeptidoglycan
Chapter 4:
What are acid-fast stains used for?
cells with mycolic acid cell walls
Chapter 4:
How do gram stains work?
crystal violet-iodine complexes can't leave gram + walls
Chapter 4:
hypotonic
[in] = low
[out] = high
Chapter 4:
hypertonic
[in] = high
[out] = low
Chapter 4:
inclusions
reserve deposits found in cells
Chapter 4:
Fungal cell walls are made of what?
chitin
Chapter 4:
Yeast cell walls are made of what?
glucan and mannan
Chapter 4:
What kind of ribosomes do eukaryotes have?
80s
Chapter 4:
What kind of ribosomes do prokaryotes have?
70s
Chapter 5:
anabolism
chemical reaction which simpler substances are combined to form more complex molecules
Chapter 5:
catabolism
chemcial reactions that results in breakdown of more complex organic molecules into simpler substances
Chapter 5:
Does anabolism release or require energy?
require
Chapter 5:
Does catabolism release or require energy?
release
Chapter 5:
What does a holoenzyme consist of?
apoenzyme and cofactor
Chapter 5:
apoenzyme
protein portion of a holoenzyme
Chapter 5:
cofactor
non-protein portion of a holoenzyme
Chapter 5:
ribozymes
enzymatic RNA molecules
Chapter 5:
oxidation
removal of electrons
Chapter 5:
reduction
addition of electrons
Chapter 5:
What are the end products of glycolysis (from one glucose)?
2 ATP
2 NADH
Chapter 5:
What are other alternatives to glycolysis?
pentose phosphate pathway
Entner-Doudoroff
Chapter 5:
What is the starting molecule for Kreb's Cycle?
pyruvic acid
Chapter 5:
What are the end products for the Kreb's Cycle from one glucose?
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
Chapter 5:
How much ATP is made from one cellular respiration for eukaryotes? prokaryotes?
38 ATP
36 ATP
Chapter 5:
lipase
hydrolyzes lipids into glycerols and fatty acids
Chapter 5:
How are fatty acids broken down?
beta-oxidation
Chapter 5:
How are ATP in photosynthesis made?
chemiomosis
Chapter 5:
What are the start and end products of the Calvin-Benson cycle?
START: CO2
END: sugars
Chapter 5:
Are cyanobacteria oxygenic or anoxygenic phototrophs?
oxygenic
Chapter 5:
Are green and purple bacteria oxygenic or anoxygenic phototrophs?
anoxygenic
Chapter 5:
photoheterotrophs?
uses light as an energy source and an organic compound for carbon source
Chapter 5:
chemoautotrophs
uses inorganic compounds as their energy source and carbon dioxide as their carbon source
Chapter 5:
chemoheterotrophs
uses complex organic molecules as their carbon and energy source