Microbiology: CHAPTER 5 MICRO Flashcards
Energy yielding series of reactions
Catabolism
Means "whole enzyme"
Holoenzyme
A nonprotein component of an active enzyme
Coenzyme
A measure of the rate of activity of an enzyme
Turnover number
A protein portion of an enzyme, inactive without a cofactor
Apoenzyme
A group of enzymes that function as electron carriers in respiration and photosynthesis
Cytochromes
A mechanism by which fatty acids are degraded
Beta Oxidation
Fermentation test
Durham tube
Both the carbon source and energy source are usually the same organic compound
Chemoheterotroph
Photosynthetic, but uses some organic material rather than carbon dioxide as a carbon source
Photoheterotroph
The photosynthetic purple non sulfur bacteria would be classified in this nutritional group
Photoheterotroph
Photosynthetic bacteria that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source
Photoautotroph
Changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme
Noncompetitive Inhibitor
Very similar in shape or chemistry to the normal enzyme substrate
Competitive Inhibitor
Hexose monophosphate shunt
Pentose phosphate pathway
The final electron acceptor is oxygen
Aerobic respiration
Produces important intermediates that act as precursors in the synthesis of nucleic acids and so on.
Pentose phosphate pathway
Bacteria use oxygen substitutes such as nitrates
Anaerobic respiration
Pyruvic acide accepts electrons and is turned into various end-products, such as lactic acid or ethanol
Fermentation
Glucose to pyruvic acide
Glycolysis
Electrons are removed from an organic compound and are transferred by an electron transport chain to oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation
An electron is liberated from chlorophyll and passes down an electron transport chain.
Photophosphorylation
A dehydrogenase conenzyme derived from nicotinic acid (niacin)
NAD+
A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from riboflavin
FMN
In chemiosmosis, protons can diffuse across a membrane only through special channels that contain this enzyme.
ATP synthase
Pyruvic acid loses carbon dioxide to form an acetyl group
Decarboxylation
Glycolysis
Embden-Meyerhof
A photosynthetic organism that does not produce oxygen.
Anoxygenic
Removal of electrons
Oxidation
Uses an inorganic source of energy such as ammonia or elemental sulfur
Chemoautotrophic
A chemoheterotroph that lives on dead organic matter is called a(n) __________
Saprophyte
When an enzymes active site is occupied at all times by substrate or product molecules, it is called __________
Saturated
Cyanide is an example of a general type of inhibitor called _________
Noncompetitive
Sulfa drugs are an example of a type of inhibitor called ___________
Competitive
In ____________ phosphorylation, no oxygen or other inorganic final electron acceptor is required.
Substrate-level
Cyanobacteria produce _______ gas, just as do higher plants.
Oxygen
The amount of ATP yield from aerobic respiration by a prokaryote is ________.
38
The amount of ATP yield from glycolysis is ______.
2
The removal of NH2 from an amino acid is called __________
Deamination
The removal of -COOH from an amino acid is called __________.
Decarboxylation
The substance acted upon by an enzyme is called the ___________.
Substrate
Coenzyme A is a derivative of the B vitamin __________ acid.
Pantothenic
A sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell is called a _________ pathway.
Metabolic
Glucose is usually broken down to pyruvic acid by _______.
Glycolysis
In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acide is converted to acetyl __________; this product can then enter the Krebs cycle.
coA
DNA and RNA are made up of repeating units called __________.
Nucleotides