Block Two Flashcards

From superficial to deep, put the following meninges and their related spaces in the correct order

The space that lies between the dura mater and the periosteum of the vertebrae, and houses areolar connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose connective tissue is the ___________ space

The tapering inferior end of the spinal cord is called the?

This structure marks the official “end” of the spinal cord proper (usually at the level of the?)

Inferior to this level, nerve roots collectively called the ________ project _____ from the spinal cord.

Within this “horse’s tail” is the ________. This is a thin strand of ______ that helps anchor the conus medullaris to the ______.

The most superior part of the spinal cord is the ____________ part.

Serves as a communication route between left and right sides

House cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

House cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

House axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons

Anterior Rami

Posterior Rami

The area of the skin that is supplied with sensory innervation by a pair of spinal nerves is called a ___________.

Put the following events that occur in a reflex arc in the correct order.

The simplest reflex; muscles contract in response to a stretch

Prevents contracting muscles from applying tension to tendons Golgi tendon reflex

Removes a body part from a painful stimulus

Response to a withdrawal reflex; causes extension of the opposite limb Crossed-extensor reflex

Stepping on a piece of glass with the left foot will result in extension of the right leg to help maintain balance. This is an example of a(n) _____________ reflex.

Which portion of a reflex arc is most likely to be located entirely within the central nervous system?

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Preganglionic axons are myelinated; postganglionic axons are unmyelinated ...
Uses only one neuron to reach target ...
Requires two neurons to reach target...
Only one synapse between the neuron and the target...
Conscious and unconscious regulation of skeletal muscle...
Unconscious regulation of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands...

The cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division are located

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

The pelvic splanchnic nerves are formed from branches of preganglionic parasympathetic axons housed within the ______ of the ____ spinal cord segments.

The pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate most of the

One digestive organ innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerve is the

Which of the following are released from neurosecretory cells in the adrenal medulla as a result of sympathetic innervation?

White Rami

Gray Rami

The _____ are anterior to the vertebral column on the anterolateral surface of the aorta.

The paravertebral ganglia are also known as the

These connect to form the left and right ___, which are anterior to the spinal nerves.

If the neuron secretes acetylcholine, it is a(n) __________neuron.

If the neuron secretes epinephrine, it is a(n) __________ neuron.

Dual innervation describes a scenario in which a target organ has innervation from____.

If the divisions create opposite effects on the same target organ, it's called ___

If the divisions have complementary effects on the target organ or system, it's called cooperative innervation.

Since the parasympathetic division causes ____ and the sympathetic division causes _____, this is an example of antagonistic innervation.

What systems are only innervated by the sympathetic nervous system?

Autonomic reflexes enable the ANS to control what kinds of visceral functions?

Modality

Location

Intensity

Duration

Large Receptive Field

Small Receptive Field

Tonic

Phasic

Why is visceral pain sometimes localized incorrectly?

Thoracic vertebrae

Cervical vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

In which of the following regions does the spine form a lordosis?

The jelly-like substance that fills the middle of the intervertebral discs is called the ______.

Costal groove

Head of Rib

Tubercle

Angle

Which of the following muscles is epaxial?

What are the bilateral actions of the erector spinae muscles?

Which are the muscles that elevate the ribs during inhalation?

The internally placed, dome-shaped muscle that forms a partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the _____.

Severing the posterior ramus of a spinal nerve may result in

Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called

From superficial to deep, place the muscles of the abdominal wall in the correct order.

Which of the following muscle aponeuroses contribute to the posterior rectus sheath ABOVE the arcuate line?

The abdominal wall muscle that forms the inguinal ligament is the

Direct Inguinal hernia

Femoral inguinal hernia

Indirect inguinal hernia

The hip bones include

Female Pelvis

Male Pelvis

If you palpate the bony projection on the lateral side of your wrist, just proximal to the thumb, what part of the radius are you feeling?

Which of the following features is the most proximal feature of the ulna?

The cords of the brachial plexus are named by their location with respect to the

Which ligaments are associated with the glenohumeral joint?

The glenohumeral joint exhibits

A shoulder separation involves the rupture of the ________ joint

Check all of the muscles that flex the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

Which of the following muscles are considered rotator cuff muscles?

After an injury, a patient has difficulty contracting his deltoid muscle. This indicates possible damage to the ___________ nerve.

One of the weakest parts of the shoulder is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ______ aspect of the shoulder.

Head of radius

Glenoid fossa of scapula

Trochlear notch of ulna

Olecranon of ulna

Which ligament is responsible for holding the head of the radius in place?

The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the

When the radius and ulna appear crossed, the forearm is said to be in a __________________ position.

Nursemaid's Elbow is the name of the condition that occurs when what happens?

Which muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

Which of the following structures can be found in the cubital fossa?

The metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints are considered to be what class of synovial joint?

Many of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm work to _______ the wrist, and they have their origin on the _______ epicondyle of the humerus.

What are muscles that function to abduct the hand at the wrist.

Extension of the interphalangeal joints

The Lumbricals insert on which of the following tendons?

The ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel is called the _____ ______ ligament.

Injury of the motor recurrent branch of the Median nerve can cause which of the following symptoms?

Axillary Nerve innervation

Median Nerve innervation

Radial Nerve innervation

Ulnar Nerve innervation

Musculocutaneous Nerve innervation

Hand of Benediction (inability to flex first two fingers)

Wrist drop (unable to extend wrist)

Erb palsy/Waiter's tip sign

Parasthesia on medial side of the hand