Public Speaking Chapter 15
College: First year
Persuasion
the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people’s beliefs or actions.
Ethics and Persuasion
make sure your goals are ethically sound
use ethical methods to communicate your ideas
Mental Dialogue with the Audience
the mental give and take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech
Target Audience
The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade
Types of Persuasive Speeches
Speeches on questions of
Fact
Value
Policy
Question of fact
a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion
Question of Value
a question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action
Question of Policy
a question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken
Types of Speeches on Questions of Policy
Speeches to gain
passive agreement
immediate action
Basic issues of policy speeches
need
plan
practicality
Basic issues of policy speeches
Need
serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy?
Basic issues of policy speeches
Plan
problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?
Basic issues of policy speeches
Practicality
will the speaker’s plan solve the problem?
will the speaker’s plan create new and more serious problems?
Organizing Speeches on questions of policy
problem-solution order
problem-cause-solution order
comparative advantages order
monroe’s motivated sequence
Problem-Solution Order
main point 1
documents the existence of a problem
Problem-Solution Order
main point 2
presents a solution to the problem
problem-cause-solution order
main point 1
documents the existence of a problem
problem-cause-solution order
main point 2
analyzes the causes of the problem
problem-cause-solution order
main point 3
presents a solution to the problem
comparative advantages order
each main point explains why a speaker’s solution to a problem is preferable to other potential solutions
monroe’s motivated sequence
a five-step sequence designed especially for organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action
Monroe's Motivated Sequence: Five Steps
Step 1
Attention: Gain the attention of the audience
Monroe's Motivated Sequence: Five Steps
Step 2
Need: show the need for change
Monroe's Motivated Sequence: Five Steps
Step 3
Satisfaction: provide a solution to the need
Monroe's Motivated Sequence: Five Steps
Step 4
Visualization: intensify desire for the solution by visualizing its benefits
Monroe's Motivated Sequence: Five Steps
Step 5
Action: urge the audience to take action in support of the solution