Exam 3 Flashcards

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to

The chemical and mechanical process of food breakdown are called

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids carbohydrates and proteins they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzyme split these molecules. This series of reactions is called

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that holds the digestive tract in place are called

From the esophagus to the anal Canal the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers arrange them in order from the lumen

Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier

What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the

Which hormone causes an increase output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile

The observative effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplished this task

Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth

Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth

Which of the following is not true of saliva

The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells

The solutes contained in saliva include

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach

Chyme is created in the

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach

Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin, are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products

There are three phases of gastric secretion the cephalic phase occurs

Peristaltic waves are

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. He's secretions are stimulated by the presence of

Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the

You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal

The ducks that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the

The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called

Short chain triglycerides found in food such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by specific enzyme and preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible

Parietal cells of the stomach produce

Hepatocytes do not

Which of the following is not a phase of gastric secretion

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed

Chief cells

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the processes of

The _____ contains lobules with the sinusoids ( lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure

If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the

The dental formula for an adult is 2 - 1 - 2 - 3. What does the one stand for

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged

_____ is locally regulated in the blood by active form of vitamin D, which acts as a cofactor

Important peritoneal Folds do not include the

The lamina propria is composed of

_____ is (are) not important as a stimulus In the gastric phase of gastric secretion

Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the

The function of the goblet cells is to

Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria

Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by

Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds

Which of the following produce intrinsic factor

Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins

Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body

A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol emulsification agents and phospholipids is

The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels lymphatic nodes and a rich supply of elastic fibers is

Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine

What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBC

How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal Villa

Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion

Select the correct statement about digestive processes

Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves

Paneth cells

Select the correct statement about absorption

Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption

You have just eaten french fries buttered toast ice cream and whole milk which of the following glands would be active in helping you digest this food

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur

The mucosa of the developing alimentary tube comes from the

A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination it is found that the spinter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open rattly because of the babies loss of gastric juice his blood probably indicates

Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include

Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation

There are 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine our Ig___ antibody meditated response restricts them from going beyond the mucosa and causing problems

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the

Urine passes through the

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to

The urinary bladder is composed of

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin

Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system

Which gland sits atop each kidney

The _____ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it

The descending limb of the loop of henle

Select the correct statement about the ureters

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it

The renal corpuscle is made up of

The function and structural unit of the kidney is the

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for

The chief Force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is

Which of the following statements describes the histology of the ureters

Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement

Which of the following acts as the trigger for initiation of micturition (voiding)

The filtration membrane includes all except

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is

The macula densa cells respond to

which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule

The fluid in the glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of

Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it

The function of angiotensin II is to

A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone ADH by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is

An important characteristic of urine is it specific gravity or density which is

Select the correct statement about nephrons

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal

Which of the following is not a part of just the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Tubular reabsorption

Which of the following is not a reason why substances are either not reabsorbed or in completely reabsorbed from the Nephron

Re-absorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by

Which of the choices below is a function of the loop of henle

Fetal kidneys do not have to work very hard because

Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the

If the TM for a particular amino acid is 120 mg / 100 mg in the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg / 100 mg the amino acid will

If one says that the clearance value of glucose is 0 what does that mean

Excretion of dilute urine requires

Which of the choices below is not a method of which cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH

In the ascending limb of the loop of henle the

Select the correct statement about urinary system development

Which of the choices below does not describe the importance of tubular secretion

Which statement is correct

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Which of the choices below is the salt level monitoring part of the Nephron

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption

Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate controlled

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of the electrolyte reabsorption and secretion

Which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate

The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions

The term hypotonic hydration refers to

Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusual low levels of plasma proteins this problem is often characterized by

Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion

Arterial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to

Respiratory acidosis can occur

Which of the following two organ functions as the most important physiological buffer systems

Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salts in the body

Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body

The fluid link between the external and internal environment is

Newborn infants have a relatively higher _____ content in their ECF then do adults

Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most _____ is found in the intercellular fluid

Which of the following describes the disruption of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids

Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because of their

the single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion

The term alkaline Reserve is used to describe the ______ buffer system

Falling blood pH and Rising parietal pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates

The movement of fluids between cellular compartments

What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention

Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood

Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system

Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of all of the following except

Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts

Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys

The maintenance of proper pH of the blood fluids may be the result of

Which of the following is not a disorder of water balance

The regulation of sodium

Select the correct statement about renal mechanisms of acid-base balance

Blood analysis indicates a low ph and the patient is breathing rapidly giving your knowledge of acid-base balance which of the following is most likely

A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value what is likely the diagnosis

One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is

Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fried some pickled eggs and some cheese how will consuming this much salt affect her physiology

The most important Force causing net water flow across capillary walls is

Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes

The regulation of potassium balance