Neuroglia/ Glial Cells
Nonexcitable cells of neural tissue that support, protect, and insulate the neurons.
Astrocytes
A type of CNS supporting cell; assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons.
Oligodendrocytes
A type of CNS supporting cell that composes myelin sheaths.
Microglia
A type of CNS supporting cell; can transform into phagocytes in areas of neural damage or inflammation.
Ependymal Cells
A type of CNS supporting cell; lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord.
Satellite Cells
A type of supporting cell in the PNS; forms myelin sheaths with schwann cells
Schwann Cells
A type of supporting cell in the PNS; forms myelin sheaths and is vital to peripheral nerve fiber regeneration.
Neuron
Cell of the nervous system specialized to generate and transmit electrical signals (action potentials and graded potentials).
Cell Body
The biosynthetic center of a neuron; Contains the nucleus and is where dendrites extend from.
-Also called the perikaryon, or soma.
Nuclei
Clusters of neuron cell bodies; found mostly in CNS.
Ganglia
Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS.
Tracts
A collection of axons in the CNS having the same origin, termination, and function.
Nerves
A bundle of axons in the PNS.
Neurofibrils
The cytoplasmic elements of a neuron.
Nissl Bodies
Rough ER of the neuron that is involved in metabolic activites.
Dendrites
Branching neuron process that serves as a receptive, or input, region; transmits an electrical signal toward the cell body.
Axons
Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell.
Axon Hillock
Distal part of the cell body that is slightly enlarged.
Action Potential
A large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve fiber.
Synaptic Cleft
Fluid-filled space at a synapse.
Neurilemma
Plasma Membrane (Peripheral part of Schwan cell)
Myelinated Fibers
Nerves that are have myelin.
Myelin Sheath/ Myelin
Fatty insulating sheath that surrounds all but the smallest nerve fibers.
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps/indentation in the myelin sheath.
Unipolar Neurons

Neuron in which embryological fusion of the two processes leaves only one process extending from the cell body.
Bipolar Neurons

Neuron with axon and dendrite that extend from opposite sides of the cell body.
Mulipolar Neurons

Neurons with three or more processes; most common neuron type in the CNS.
Afferent Neurons (Sensory)
Neurons that carry implulses to or toward the CNS.
Efferent Neurons (Motor)
Neurons that carry impulses away from the CNS
Association Neurons (Interneurons)
Nerve cell located between motor and sensory neurons that shuttles signals through CNS pathways where integration occurs.
Mixed Nerves
Nerves containing the processes of motor and sensory neurons; their impulses travel to and from the central nervous system.
Afferent Nerves (Sensory)
Nerve that contains processes of sensory neurons and carries nerve impulses to the central nervous system.
Efferent Nerves (Motor)
Nerve fiber that carries impulses away from the central nervous system.
Endoneurium
Connective sheath that surrounds individual nerve fibers; insulates from other nerve processes.
Perineurium
Connective tissues that binds a group of nerve fibers together. (Covers fascicles)
Epineurium
Binds together multiple fascicles to form a cord-like nerve.
Fascicles
Bundle of nerve fiber.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Consists of nerves and ganglia that lie outside of the brain and spinal cord.
Grey Matter
Gray area of the central nervous system; contains neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites.
White Matter
White substance of the central nervous system; myelinated nerve fibers.
Blood-Brain Barrier
Mechanism that inhibits passage of materials from the blood into brain tissues; reflects relative impermeability of brain capillaries.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Plasmalike fluid that fills the cavities of the CNS and surrounds the CNS externally; protects the brain and spinal cord.

What is A?
Dendrite

What is B?
Axon Terminals

What is C?
Cell Body

What is D?
Nucleus

What is E?
Myelin Sheath

What is F?
Axon

What is G?
Nodes of Ranvier

What is H?
Neurolemma

What is I?
Schwann Cell

What is J?
Axon Hillox

What is A?
Epineurium

What is B?
Perineurium

What is C?
Fascicle

What is D?
Endoneurium

What is E?
Axon

What is F?
Blood vessels

What is G?
Spinal Nerve