Human Anatomy & Physiology + Modified MasteringA&P with Pearson EText + Get Ready for A&P + Brief Atlas of the Human Body: The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

Female reproductive system is a more complex system than __________. Not only must she produce _________, but her body must prepare to nurture a ___________ _______ for approximately _________ months.

• the _________ are the female gonads, as __________ are for male
• These are a ______ of gametes, ______ -shaped glands containing approximately __________ primordial follicles.

• Ovaries are __________
• and __________ Sex Organs
• Ovaries are suspended by several ___________ called ____________ ligaments.

The suspensory ligaments and mesovarium are part of the _______ _____________, a _________ fold that "tents" over the uterus and support :

3 organs __________, ____________ and ___________.

• Ovaries produce haploid ________ by ___________
• Ova is the female _____________
• Ova is the one to be _________ by male gamete _______

• Both ovaries are lined by ___________ _________, which consists of:
  • Simple __________ epithelium that covers the ovary.
  • Bellow we find the _______ __________ which is a capsule of collagenous CT.

• ___________ is the outer cortex, and the inner medulla
• The outer cortex region contain the _____ _____

Grafian follicles, now called _________ __________ is a mature ________ and its surrounding tissue secrete ______________

Corpus __________ produces __________ and estrogen

Ova stages start with :

1. Oocyte = ________, is a
2. Secondary __________ is the last section of maturation of the oocyte.

3.- Secondary oocyte extend from the deepest part of the ovarian cortex and bulges from the surface of the ovary, and its oocyte sits proudly on a stalk of granulosa cells at one side of the antrum to be ovulated, This is called ________

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is transformed into a very different looking glandular structure called __________ ____________ (yellow body), which eventually degenerates. During all this process, it is going to release ____________ _________

The Uterine Tubes, also called _________ tubes or __________ form the initial part of the female duct system where mature ______ travel to the Uterus.

1- The mature ova once released is caught by a structure called ___________ which is a ______ -shaped structure that sweep over the surface of the ___________ in search of the ovulated mature ______.

2-_____________ is the opening into the fallopian tube

The Fallopian Tube is :

• approx. _____ long.
• Homologous to the________ ______ of the male.
• Fallopian tubes conveys the _______, to the __________

• Fallopian tube is lined with:
  • _________ cells which beat and carry the ovum toward the uterus.
  • It takes about _____ days.

Uterus, also called the ________, _____ -shaped, is the site of _________________ and ______________ of a fetus.

There are 3 basic layers of the uterus:

1- Perimetrium

2- Myometrium

3- Endometrium

Stratus Functionalis

Stratus Basales

_____________ is the top dome shaped portion of the uterus

____________ is the major and main portion at the center of the uterus

______________ is the lower neck portion of the uterus , and projects to the vagina (inferiorly)

__________ os is between the uterine cavity and the cervical cavity

__________ os is where the cervix opens into the vagina

____________ is the female copulatory organ, which is:

• shape _________
• Tissue _________
• serves as a ______________ for menstrual flow, copulation and ???

Vagina is lined with :

• ___________

Vagina produces and _________ mucus to

• kill ________ and to act as a _____________

Vagina is

• about _____ long.
• contain _________ which are a series of transverse folds.

• The vagina orifice is __________ opening to the vagina
• the ______________ is a membrane sheet of tissue which may form a border around the orifice.

_____________ is the external genetalia of the female; it includes:

______________ is an elevation of adipose tissue which cushions the pubic _________ during sexual intercourse.

_________ _________ are two large longitudinal folds of skin; they are homologous to the ____________ in the male.

Labium _________ contain _________, ______ and ___

________ _________ are two smaller folds of skin medial to the labia __________.

They contain many _____ glands for ___________ during sexual intercourse.

______________ is a small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue. It is covered by a prepuce and is homologous to the _____________ of the male.

_____________ _____ are modified sweat glands that produce milk.

Mammary Glands contain about ___ to ___ lobes or compartments, each of which is divided into several smaller compartments called __________.

The lobules contain milk-secretion glands called ______

The alveoli drain milk into a series of ducts which open onto the surface of the ________ which is the pigmented projection located in the middle of a circular pigmented area called the _____________.

Ovarian Cycle is the ___________ events associated with the maturation of an _________.

GnRF means

Gonadotropin Releasing Factor (GnRF) originates from __

Gonadotropin RF regulates ________________

Gonadotropin RF stimulates _________________

FSH stands for

LH stands for

FSH is a hormone that __________ the development of ovarian follicular cells and stimulating them the ________ of estrogen

LH is a hormone that

• stimulates maturation of the __________,
• brings about __________,
• stimulates production of ________ and _________
• stimulate production of _____ (pubis symphysis cartilage)

Estrogen is responsible for the development and maintenance of :

___________________________________

Estrogen is ___________ to testosterone

The major source of Estrogen are:

The stimulus for release of estrogen comes from

___________- is a placental hormon that relaxes pubis symphysis and aids in the dilatation of the cervix

• The menstrual cycle start between the day____________ with an average of ____ days in its process.
• Menstruation discharges monthly about ____ to ___ ml of ________, _______, ______ and ________

• Menstruation is cause by a sudden drop in __________ and __________ levels.
• Last for about _____ days

Stratus ________ degenerates, the uterine gland discharge their contests and ___________.

The flow of menstruation is from the _______, ______, ______ and __________ found in the stratum _________.

Menstruation last about ____ days until ONLY the stratum __________ is left.

Ovulation cycle start on day ____ of ____, when __________ cycle is Starting. This process stimulates the Hypothalamus to produce _________________________, which stimulates ___________ pituitary to release hormones ________ and _________.

• Before day 1, primordial follicles became __________ follicles which were chosen from a set to start developing
• _____ hormone is released by anterior pituitary to stimulate the growth of the follicle to be ovulated.

After day __-___ (during the menstrual cycle) the follicles have developed into __________ follicle, which contain ___________ cells and fluid called ______________ fluid.

Follicular fluid forces the ovum to move to ____________ of the ____________

Levels of ___________ and ___________ are raised during secondary follicular phase.

Only _____ follicle will mature, the rest will degenerate and undergo _________________.

Pre- ovulatory phase happen between the end of menstruation and __________; and last from day ____ to day ____

____ and ____ hormones from the pituitary work together to stimulate the follicles cells to produce __________.

This causes the ___________ lining from Uterus to built up, where glands develop and blood supply increases

This phase is also called _____________ in the uterus, due to the growth of the stratum ______________

Also between days 6 to 13 (pre-ovulatory) is called _____________ phase, due to follicles cells producing more ___________, which becomes the ________ hormone.

Only ____ follicle will develop from about 20 follicles. It is going to be called _________ or _________ follicle.

During follicle developing levels of estrogen ___________.

FSH was the domain hormone during early pre-ovulatory phase, but now ____ is the dominant hormone close the time of _________ and is secreted in _________ concentrations

Ovulation occurs with the rupture of the _______ follicle, and the __________ of the ovum on day ________.

More increase of estrogen inhibits _________, therefore _________ is inhibited also.

After ovulation, the Grafian follicle ___________, and becomes the Corpus ______________. where its cells enlarge and form the Corpus _____________.

• Post-ovulatory phase is the time between _________ and ___________, and last from day ___ to _____ (in a ___ day cycle)

LH stimulates the development of Corpus _________, which secretes _____________ and ______________.

• Progesteron prepares the endometrium for _____________ of a __________ ovum.
• It takes about ___ week for endometrium to be ready.

FSH secretion and LH secretion ________, and now it is time for the _______ _______ to produce estrogen and ____________

If fertilization and implantation DO NOT occur, then the rising levels of estrogen and progesteron from the corpus luteum ________ GnRF and LH.

Corpus Luteum degenerates to become the corpus ________ and estrogen and progesteron levels ________

What HCG stands for.

HCG is a hormone developed by the __________

If fertilization and implantation DO NOT occur, then the Corpus Luteal is __________ for ___-____ weeks (for ______ and ________ hormones production).

HCG will be the one producing _________ and ________ hormones in greater amounts than Corpus Luteal.

Pregnancy is supported by __________ hormone.

Progesterone also supports __________ and _______ development after pregnancy.

The first menstruation is called _________

The last menstruation is called _________

When menstrual cycles become less frequent is called

• Climacteric occurs when women are around ____ to ____ years old.
• It happens because ______ fail to respond to GnRF hormones, causing secondary effects physiological like : ______, _____, _________ _______, etc.

________ __________ is a method used to prevent the union of a sperm with a mature ovum