When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ________.
O
What is the average normal pH range of blood?
7.35–7.45
Which of the following is not a distribution function of blood?
transport of salts to maintain blood volume
Which of the following is a protective function of blood?
prevention of blood loss
Main contributor to osmotic pressure
Albumin
Transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, and fat-soluble vitamins
Alpha and beta globulins
Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response
Gamma globulins
Necessary for coagulation.
Fibrinogen
All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ________.
low blood viscosity
Which of the following is true about blood plasma?
It is about 90% water.
Free-floating thrombus in the bloodstream
Embolism
Cancerous condition involving white blood cells.
Leukemia
Platelet deficiency resulting in spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels.
Thrombocytopenia
Condition in which blood has abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity.
Anemia
Abnormal excess of erythrocytes resulting in an increase in blood viscosity.
Polycythemia
Which of the following is not a functional characteristic of WBCs?
granulosis
Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding ________.
rate of erythrocyte formation
An individual who is blood type AB negative can ________.
receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen
Blood volume restorers include all of the following except ________.
packed cells
James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is ________.
within the normal range
The plasma protein that is the major contributor to osmotic pressure is ________.
albumin
No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________.
monocytes
Which of the following is not a structural characteristic that contributes to erythrocyte gas transport functions?
mitotically active
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and causing an appearance of large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________.
pernicious anemia
Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
They are nucleated.
Platelets ________.
stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break
Which of the following would not be a possible cause of sickling of red blood cells in someone with sickle-cell anemia?
sleeping in a well-ventilated room
Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include ________.
increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss
What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?
kidney
Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?
hemocytoblast
Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
hypoxia of EPO-producing cells
The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones.
F
Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen.
F
Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries.
F
Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas.
T
Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs.
F
Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes.
T
Leukocytes move through the circulatory system by amoeboid motion.
F
Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types.
T
All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes.
T
Leukemia refers to cancerous conditions involving white blood cells.
T
Myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of lymphocytes.
F
The normal RBC "graveyard" is the liver.
F
Hemorrhagic anemias result from blood loss.
T
White blood cells are produced through the action of colony-stimulating factors.
T
Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin.
F
Myeloid stem cells give rise to all leukocytes.
F
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?
fibrinolysis
The slowest step in the clotting process is ________.
formation of prothrombin activator
Thromboembolic disorders ________.
include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system
Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders?
excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
Which sequence is correct for the following events?
1. fibrinogen → fibrin
2. clot retraction
3. formation
of thromboplastin
4. prothrombin → thrombin
3, 4, 1, 2
All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________.
vascular spasm
Clotting factor activation turns clotting factors into enzymes.
T
The immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting.
F
The process of fibrinolysis disposes of bacteria when healing has occurred.
F
Why would there be cause for concern if a young pregnant mother is Rh-, her husband is Rh+, and this is their second child?
If the second child is Rh+ and the mother did not take RhoGAM, there is a chance that the child will develop erythroblastosis fetalis and die before birth.
Which of the following statements does not describe blood?
Blood carriers body cells to injured areas for repair
Select the incorrect statement regarding blood cell formation.
Platelets are formed from myeloblasts.
Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?
There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?
if the father is Rh-
Which blood type is generally called the universal donor?
O
Which of the statements below is an incorrect or false statement?
Blood typing for the Kell, Lewis, and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion.
A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or type O blood.
T
A total WBC count and a differential WBC count have been ordered for Mrs. Johnson. What information is obtained from the differential count that the total count does not provide?
The differential count determines the relative proportion of individual leukocyte types. The total WBC count indicates an increase or decrease in number of WBCs.
A patient complains of no energy, a chronic sore throat, a low-grade fever, and is tired and achy. His doctor notes an enlarged spleen upon examination. What diagnosis would you expect, and what definitive test would you request?
The diagnosis is infectious mononucleosis. The test would be a differential white blood cell count to look for elevated numbers of monocytes and atypical lymphocytes.