Chapter 27: The Reproductive System Flashcards

What part of the female duct system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?

T/F: Gametes are produced in meiosis

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces ___.

During PROPHASE I of meiosis ___.

What is the correct order of Meiosis?

During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occu

The constancy of the chromosome number from one generation to the next is maintained through ________.

Which of the following cells is returned to the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells?

Which hormone promotes the formation of secondary sex characteristics such as the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair, enhanced hair growth on the chest, and a deepening voice?

Although effective in treating erectile dysfunction, Viagra has the side effect of reducing systemic blood pressure by causing ______.

During what phase of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle is the uterine lining shed?

Which of the following will occur after ovulation?

A) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans.

B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase.

C) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced.

D) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only.

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.

A) LH reaches its highest levels

B) the Graafian follicle forms

C) progesterone levels are at their highest

D) estrogen reaches its highest levels

Which of the following organs is NOT a part of the HPG axis?

A) posterior pituitary gland

B) anterior pituitary gland

C) testis

D) hypothalamus

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________.

A) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium

B) estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle

C) a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation

D) the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation

Which of the following is an INCORRECT matching of female reproductive structures with their functions?

A) uterus/the womb (area of development of the fetus)

B) ovarian follicle/ovum (egg) production

C) uterine tube/transport unfertilized ovum to uterus for removal from the body

D) vagina/birth canal

What event occurs during the proliferative phase?

A) stratum functionalis is shed

B) menstruation

C) ovulation

D) enrichment of the blood supply and glandular secretions prepare for reception of an embryo

Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed from one stem cell?

A) Only one egg can be fertilized at a time.

B) The egg does not go through the meiotic division processes that the sperm undergo.

C) The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus.

D) Actually, gametogenesis (oogenesis in the female and spermatogenesis in the male) produces four eggs and four sperm.

If embryonic testes do not produce testosterone, a genetic male develops female external genitalia. However, if embryonic testes properly produce testosterone, but a genetic male nevertheless develops female external genitalia, the cause could be ______.

A) a mutation in the gene that codes for development of the paramesonephric ducts

B) a mutation in the gene that codes for the testosterone receptor

C) hyposecretion of MIF

D) hypersecretion of MIF

Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?

A) FSH

B) estrogen

C) LH

D) progesterone

What is the function of the blood testis barrier?

A) to provide only select nutrients to the developing sperm

B) to filter out male sex hormones

C) to ensure that semen only contains sperm and seminal fluid

D) to prevent activation of the immune system of the male against the developing sperm

Which of the following occurs during spermiogenesis?

A) spermatids are produced

B) sustentacular cells are produced

C) sperm are produced

D) spermatogonia are produced

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?

A) ovum

B) secondary oocyte

C) oogonium

D) primary oocyte

How many functional gametes are produced by oogenesis?

A) one functional gamete

B) two functional gametes

C) three functional gametes

D) four functional gametes

Which of the choices below is not a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?

A) interstitial endocrine cells

B) anterior pituitary gland

C) thalamus

D) hypothalamus

A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation.

During meiosis, what does crossover promote?

A) Crossover promotes a reduction in the number of cells produced.

B) Crossover promotes the production of genetically identical gametes.

C) Crossover promotes a reduction in the number of chromosomes.

D) Crossover promotes increased genetic variability among gametes.

Which of the following glands are responsible for about 70% of the volume of semen?

In cervical cancer, which cancer cells that cover the cervical tip are most likely to be abnormal?

A) columnar epithelial cells

B) squamous epithelial cells

C) cuboidal epithelial cells

D) transitional epithelial cells

What is the pigmented ring of skin situated slightly below the center of each breast?

A varicocele may hinder blood flow through the pampiniform venous plexus; the reduced venous drainage and the resulting elevated testicular temperature may be caused by ______.

A) defective venous valves in the testis

B) elevated systemic arterial blood pressure

C) elevated core body temperature

D) reduced testicular arterial blood flow

Which male accessory ducts transports both sperm and urine?

The primary function of the uterus is to ________.

Why CAN'T polar bodies be fertilized?

A) Polar bodies have too few chromosomes.

B) Polar bodies can be fertilized, resulting in the formation of fraternal twins.

C) Polar bodies are diploid.

D) Polar bodies lack nutrient-containing cytoplasm.

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false?

A) Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or bring on a wide variety of symptoms.

B) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.

C) Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions.

D) Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful discharges in males.

Nondisjunction may occur due to ______.

A) failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during anaphase II

B) failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during anaphase I

C) failure of centromeres to split apart properly during meiosis II

D) All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following is housed within the spermatic cord?

A) rete testis

B) epididymis

C) testicular arteries and veins

D) seminiferous tubules

Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle?

A) development of endometrial cells

B) vesicular follicle growth

C) late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline

D) corpus luteum

Which cells produce androgens such as testosterone?

A) spermatogenic cells

B) interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells

C) sustentocytes (Sertoli cells)

D) myoid cells

Human egg and sperm are similar in that ___.

The __________, a layer of the endometrium, is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the _________

During vasectomy, what accessory duct is cut as a form of birth control?

T/F: Viable sperm production is optimal at the body's core temperature.

Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?

A) stimulates protein synthesis

B) stimulates mammary gland development

C) stimulates the male pattern of development

D) contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis

The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.

Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?

The __________ connects the uterus to the vagina.

The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.

A) parasympathetic nerves

B) the dartos muscle

C) the bulbospongiosus muscles

D) luteinizing hormone

External Female Structures

Which structure of the female's external genitalia has erectile tissue like the penis?

Mitosis

Meiosis

Genetic variation of individual chromosomes occurs during __________.

T/F: The ovaries are situated in the peritoneal cavity flanking the uterus.

Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?

A) clitoris

B) vagina

C) labia majora

D) labia minora

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.

A) shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland

B) decreased testosterone secretion

C) increased spermatogenesis

D) excessive beard growth

Structures of the male testes

Which of the following results from spermiogenesis?

A) spermatogonium or Type A daughter cell

B) Secondary spermatocyte

C) Spermatid

D) Sperm

Why does meiosis involve 2 nuclear divisions rather than one, as in mitosis?

Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.

A) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to estrogen stimulation.

B) The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte.

C) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development.

D) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.

A 38-year-old male is upset about his low sperm count and visits a "practitioner" who commonly advertises his miracle cures of sterility. The practitioner is a quack who treats conditions of low sperm count with megadoses of testosterone. The patient experiences a huge surge in libido. Would this treatment result in a higher or lower sperm count, and why?

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?

A) All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.

B) The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation.

C) Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.

D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system.

Which of the following is an effect of estrogen in females?

A) Promotes oogenesis

B) Promotes water loss (diuresis)

C) Promotes lactation

D) Suppresses the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What is the product of spermatogenesis?

A) capacitation of the spermatozoa

B) development of the male reproductive organs

C) formation of semen

D) formation of haploid spermatozoa

What are the two fatty, hair-covered skin folds that run posteriorly from the mons pubis?

A) greater vestibular glands

B) labia minora

C) labia majora

D) clitoris

T/F: Oocytes only complete meiosis II if they are fertilized.

Which of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted bacterial disease?

A) Chlamydia

B) Genital Herpes

C) Gonorrhea

D) Syphilis

Genital Warts

Syphilis

Gonorrhea

Genital Herpes

Chlamydia

The mammary glands belong to which system?

Enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate the egg are located in the __________ of the sperm cell.

A) mitochondria

B) midpiece

C) acrosome

D) tail

Effects of estrogen include ________.

A) eepening of the voice

B) increased oiliness of the skin

C) growth of the larynx

D) growth of the breasts at puberty

The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________.

Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true?

A) Fertilization usually occurs in the uterine tubes.

B) The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the decrease in secretion of female hormones.

C) Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses.

D) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.

Fertilization usually occurs in the ___.