Chapter 9 lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx, Flashcards

1. A portion of the lamina located between the superior and inferior process is called the?

2. The superior and inferior vertebral notches join together to form the?

3. Which radiographic position best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina?

4. The small foramina found in the sacrum are called?

5. The anterior and superior aspect of the sacrum that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic inlet is called the?

6. What is another name for the sacral horns?

7. The sacroiliac joints lie at an oblique angle of? to the coronal plane

8. What is the formal term for the tail bone?

9. What is the name for the superior broad aspect of the coccyx?

10. Classification, mobility, and movement type for Zygapopseal joint?

11. Classification, mobility, and movement type for Intervertebral Joints

12. List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the LPO position

13. List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the RAO position

14. List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the Lateral position

15. List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the RPO position

16. List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the LAO position

17. The degree of obliquity required for an oblique projection at the T12- L1 level is approximately

18 The L5-S1 level spine requires a ___ degree oblique

19. A ___ oblique is performed for the general lumbar spine.

20. ASIS is at what vertebral level

21. Xiphoid process is at what vertebral level

22. Lower costal margin is at what vertebral level

23. Iliac crest is at what vertebral level

24. Symphysis pubis is at what vertebral level

25. True or False: The use of higher kV and lower mA seconds for a lumbar spine improves contrast but increases patient dose?

26. True or False: Placing a lead blocker mat behind the patient for a lateral spine position improves image quality?

27. True or False: Gonadal shielding should always be used for male and female patients for studies of the lumbar, sacrum and coccyx.

28. True or False: The anteroposterior (AP) projection of the lumbar spine opens the intervertebral joint spaces better than the PA projection.

29. True or False: The knees and hips should be extended for an AP projection of the lumbar spine.

30. True or False: An increased SID of 44 or 46 reduces distortion of spine anatomy.

31. True or False: The lead blocker mat and close collimation must not be used when performing digital imaging or the lumbar spine.

32. What is the best modality that demonstrates the pathological features of osteoporosis

33. What is the best modality that demonstrates the pathological features of soft tissues of lumbar spine

34. What is the best modality that demonstrates the pathological features of structures within the subarachnoid space

35. What is the best modality that demonstrates the pathological features of Inflammatory condition such as pagets disease

36. What is the best modality that demonstrates the pathological features of compression fractures of the lumbar spine

37. Lateral curvature of the vertebral column

38. Fracture of the vertebral body caused by hyperflexion force

39. Congenital defect in which the posterior elements of the vertebral fail to unite.

40. Most common at the L4-L5 level and may result in sciatica

41. Forward displacement of one vertebra onto another vertebra

42. Inflammatory condition that is most common in males in their thirties

43. Dissolution and separation of the pars interarticularis

44. A type of fracture that rarely causes neurologic deficits

45. CR is centered at the level of ____ for an AP and lateral lumbar spine projections

46. What two structures can be evaluated to determine whether rotation is present on a radiograph of an AP projection of the lumbar spine?

47. How much rotation is required to properly visualize the zygapophyseal joints at L5-S1?

48. What set of zygapophyseal joints is demonstrated with an LAO position?

49. The _______ which is the eye of the "scottie dog" should be near the center of the vertebral body on a correctly obliqued lumbar spine?

50. Which positioning error has been committed if the "eye of the scottie dog" are projected too far posterior with a 45 oblique position of the lumbar spine

51. Which position or projection of the lumbar spine series best demonstrates a possible compression fracture?

52. A patient with a wide pelvis and narrow thorax may require a CR angle of ___ with caudad or cephalad for a lateral position of the lumbar spine

53. How should the spine of a patient with scoliosis be positioned for a lateral position of the lumbar spine

54. Why should the knees and hips be flexed for an AP lumbar spine projection?

55. True or False: the female ovarian dose used for a PA lumbar spine projection is approximately 30 percent less than the dose from an AP projection

56. Where is the CR centered for a lateral L5-S1 projection of the lumbar spine

57. What amount of CR angle is required for an AP axial L5-S1 projection on a male patient.

58. True or False: PA or AP projection for a scoliosis series frequently includes one erect and one recumbent position for comparison.

59. True or False: A PA projection for a scoliosis series produces only about 1/10 the dose to the breasts as compared with the AP projection, even if proper collimation is used.

60. Which techniques or devices produce a more uniform density along the vertebral column for an AP/PA scoliosis projection.

61. Which side of the spine should be elevated for the second exposure for the AP/PA projection scoliosis series (by having patient stand on a block with one foot.

62. During the AP (PA) right and left bending projections of the lumbar spine, the ___ must remain stationary during positioning.

63. Which projections should be taken to evaluate flexibility following spinal fusion surgery?

64. How much CR angle is required for an AP projection of the sacrum for a typical male patient?

65. If a patient can not lie on his back for the AP sacrum because it is too painful, what alternative projection can be taken to achieve a similar view of the sacrum?

66. Where is the CR for an AP projection of the coccyx.

67. True or False: The AP projection of the sacrum and coccyx can be taken as one single projection to decrease gonadal dose.

68. Patients should be asked to empty the urinary bladder before performing which projection fo the vertebral column?

69. In addition to good collimation, what should be done to minimize overall "fogging" on a lateral lumbar spine or lateral sacrum and coccyx radiograph

70. Which SI joint is visualized with an RPO position

71. How much rotation of the body is required for oblique position of SI joints

72. What type of CR angle is recommended of the AP axial projection of the SI joints on a female patient

73. Where is the CR centered for an oblique projection of the SI joints.

74. A radiograph of an AP projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the spinous processes are not midline to the vertebral column and distortion of the vertebral bodies is present. Which positioning error is present on this radiograph

75. A radiograph of an LPO projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicles and zygapophyseal joints are projected over the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies. Which positioning error is present on this radiograph

76. A radiograph of a lateral projection of a female lumbar spine reveals that the mid- to lower intervertebral joint spaces are not open. The technologist supported the midsection of the spine with sponges to straighten the spine. What else can be done to open the joint spaces during the repeat exposure?

77. A radiograph of a lateral L5-S1 projection reveals that the joint space is not open. The technologist did support the middle aspect of the spine with a sponge. What else can the technologist do to open up the joint space during the repeated exposure?

78. A radiograph of an AP axial coccyx reveals that the distal tip is superimposed over the symphysis pubis. What must the technologist do to eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure

79 . A radiograph of an oblique position of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicle and zygapophyseal joint are posterior in relation to the vertebral body. what modification of the position must be made during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic image

80. A patient comes to the radiology department for a follow-up study for a comparison fracture of L3. The radiologist requests that the collimated projections be taken of L3. Which specific projections and centering would provide a quality study of L3 and the intervertebral joint spaces.

81. A patient with injury to the coccyx enters the ER. When attempting the AP projection, the patient complains that it is too uncomfortable to lie on his back. He is unable to stand. What other options are available to complete the study?

82. A patient with a clinical history of spondylolisthesis at the L5-S1 level comes to the radiology department. Which specific lumbar spine position is most diagnostic in demonstrating the extent of this condition?

83. A positioning series for SI joints is performed on a patient. The resultant radiographs do not demonstrate the inferior portion of the joints. What can be done during the repeat exposure to demonstrate this aspect of the SI joints

84. A patient comes into the radiology department for a lumbar spine series. He has a clinical history of advanced spondylolysis. Which specific projection of the lumbar spine series will best demonstrate this condition

85. A patient comes to the radiology department with a clinical history of HNP, Which of the following imaging modalities provide the most diagnostic study for this condition?

86. A patient comes to the radiology department for a lumbar spine series. She has a clinical history of severe kyphosis. How should the lumbar spine series be modified for this patient?