our awareness of ourselves and our environment

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage which vivid dreams commonly occur; muscles are relaxed

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

periodic natural loss of consciousness

false sense experienced, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrolled sleep attacks

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakening

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; occur during Stage 4

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from it latent or hidden content)

according to Freud, the underlaying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest)

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feeling, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

a chemical substance that alters perception and moods

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions (alcohol, opiates, barbiturates)

drugs that depress the activity of the CNS system reducing anxiety but impairing member and judgment

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions (caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, Ecstasy)

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. produces euphoria and social intimacy but with short term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

psychedelic drugs (LSD) that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the bases of sensory input

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also know as acid

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects. including mild hallucinations