Williams' Basic Nutrition & Diet Therapy14: Nutrition review for chpts 5-9 Flashcards

The process of digestion involves a __and__actions.

The rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestine that propel food along are called

An example of a gastric secretion is

A pizza slice is being consumed by a hungry teen. The first actions of biting, chewing, and breaking up the slice into smaller particles is called

A food that begins digestion in the mouth is

After a period of mixing and churning of the ingested food with the gastric secretions, the semifluid mass called

The release of gastric secretions is stimulated by

One type of movement in the small intestine is

Compared with the pH in the stomach, the pH in the small intestine is

The lining of the stomach and intestine is protected from strong acid by

The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is

Gas formation in the colon is the result of

Digestion of dietary fiber occurs in the

The sum total of all the chemical changes that an organism performs to maintain its life and produce energy is the result of

Two organs that work with the small intestine in digestion are the

Conversion of amino acids to glucose is called

A beverage that may cause intestinal gas in adults is

A nutrient that doesn't provide energy for the body is

Energy is lost from the body as

The unit of measurement used to refer to the amount of energy in food is the

The total number of kilocalories in a snack that contains 10g carbohydrate, 2 g protein, and 5g fat is ____ kcal.

The external energy cycle includes

After foods are eaten, they are converted into which of the following body fuels?

Fever causes the metabolic rate to

The amount of energy the body needs to maintain life while at digestive, physical, and emotional rest is called the

Metabolically active tissues in the body include

In clinical practice, basal or resting energy expenditure is estimated by using

The term for the effect of food intake on metabolic rate is

The sum of basal metabolism, energy, expended in physical activity, and thermic effect of food is known as

When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, the result can be

An activity that results in increased energy expenditure is

The body's sources of stored energy include

Basal metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone

The first source of stored energy to be used during a period of fasting is

Nutrient density means the

In cases of extreme starvation, the energy substrate most likely to be used as a last resort would be

Fever increases basal metabolic rate approximately ___ for each_____rise

Energy expenditure is increased by

Energy needs per pound of body weight

The person requiring the highest energy needs per unit of body weight is a

For a compound to be classified as a vitamin, it must

A vitamin that behaves more like a hormone that a vitamin is vitamin

Spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes are good sources of

A rich source of vitamin A(retinol) is

An important function of vitamin A is to

A deficiency of vitamin A may result in

An excellent natural food source of vitamin D is

Two foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are

The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of the mineral

A vitamin D deficiency in growing children that results in the malformation of skeletal tissue, especially the long bones is referred to as

A toxic level of vitamin D is most likely to result in

A rich source of vitamin E is

Vitamin E protects because it acts as

The fat-soluble vitamin for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin

A good source of vitamin K is

An alcoholic is most likely to be deficient in

The vitamin that is destroyed by light is

The most important source of riboflavin

The disease with niacin deficiency is

Which of the following diets can help ensure adequate and balanced vitamins intake?

The person most at risk for vitamin D deficiency is a

The best source of folic acid is

A folic acid deficiency induces a form of anemia called _____anemia

Vitamin C deficiency is associated with

A 62-year old woman who smokes 1 pack a day and whose food intake record indicate a minimal intake of vitamin C may be at risk for

An example of a meal high in vitamin C is

A young woman who is interested in becoming pregnant should be counseled on healthy eating choices, especially regarding folate-containing foods, which may help

A food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond its nutritional value is called

Overall calcium balance is mostly maintained by which two balanced regulatory agents?

Optimal levels of body iron are controlled at the point of absorption, interrelated with a system of transport and storage. Which of the following statements correctly describes this iron regulating process

The only know function of fluoride in human nutrition is for dental heal. Which of the following statements correctly describes this relation?

Cretinism is a disorder in children to mother who had a deficiency of____during adolescence and pregnancy.

Which mineral has the following functions: blood clotting, muscle and nerve action, and bone and teeth formation?

Which of the following minerals is a trace amount mineral?

Chief electrolyte guarding the water outside cells

An ion carrying a negative electrical charge

Sodium-conserving mechanism or control agent

Simple passage of water molecules through a membrane separating solutions of different concentrations from the side of lower concentration of solute particles to that of higher concentration of particles, thus tending to equalize the solutions

A substance (element or compound) that, in solution, conducts an electrical current and is dissociated into cations and anions

Particles in solution, such as electrolytes and protein

State of dynamic equilibrium maintained by an organism among all its parts and controlled by many finely balanced mechanisms

Chief electrolyte guarding the water inside cells

Major plasma protein that guards and maintains blood volume

Fluid located inside the cell wall

An ion carrying a positive electrical charge

The body's method of maintaining tissue water circulation by opposing fluid pressures

Force exerted by a contained fluid

Movement of particles throughout a solution and across membranes outward from the area of denser concentration of particles to all surrounding spaces

A type of fluid outside of cells

Movement of particles in solution across cell membranes and against normal osmotic pressures, involving a carrier and energy for the work