Research Methods Chapter 4
Research ethics
concerns the responsibilities of researchers to be honest and respectful to all individuals who are affected by their research studies or their reports of the studies' results.
Nuremberg Code
a set of 10 guidelines for the ethical treatment of human participants in research. developed from the Nuremberg trials in 1947
National Research Act
A set of regulations for the protection of human participants in research, mandated by congress in 1974
Belmont Report
a summary of the basic ethical principles for protecting humans in research published in 1979
APA Ethics Code
a common set of principles and standards on which psychologists build their professional and scientific work
Clinical Equipoise
the ethical issue requiring clinicians to provide the best possible treatment for their patients, thus limiting research to studies that compare equally preferred treatments
Informed Consent
requires the investigator to provide all available information about a study so that an individual can make a rational, decision to participate in the study
Deception
occurs when a researcher purposefully withholds information or misleads participants with regard to information about a study.
Passive Deception
withholding or omitting of information; the researcher intentionally does not tell participants some informatino about the study
active deception
is the presenting of misinformation about the study to participants. most common form of active deception misleading participants about the specific purpose of the study
Debriefing
is a post-experimental explanation of the purpose of a study that is given to a participant, especially if deception was used
placebo
an ineffective, inert substitute
Confidentiality
the practice of keeping strictly secret and private information or measurements obtained from an individual during a research study
anonymity
the practice of ensuring that an individual's name is not directly associated with the information or measurements obtained from that individual
Institutional Review Board
is a committee that examines all proposed research with respect to its treatment of human participants. Approval must be obtained first.
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)
is a committee that examines all proposed research with respect to its treatment of nonhuman subjects
Fraud
the explicit effort of a researcher to falsify or misrepresent data
Replication
repetition of a research study using the same basic procedures used in the original.
Plagiarism
the unethical representation of someone else's ideas or words as one's own