USC Bridge 1.1 matter and properties of elements
Energy
The capacity to do work or put matter into motion.
2 types:
-potential and Kinetic.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom
- The smallest unit of matter of a particular element
- composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Charge of an atom should be neutral
Elements
An atom that cannot be broken down into parts by normal chemical means.
Protons
+ charged atoms
1 atomic mass unit (AMU)
Neutrons
Neutrally charged atoms
1 atomic mass unit
Electrons
Negatively charged atoms
no atomic mass unit
98% of the bodies weight is:
C- carbon
H- hydrogen
O- oxygen
N- nitrogen
P- phosphorus
S- sulfur
Major ions that contribute to physiological function, can be called salts:
Na- sodium
K- potassium
Cl- chloride
Ca- calcium
Mg- magnesium
H- hydrogen
Metals that help enzymes function:
( can be known as proteins that help reactions go)
Fe- iron
Cu- copper
Zn- zinc
Planetary module
Oversimplified outdated model that incorrectly depicts a fixed circular electron path around the nucleus
Orbital model
Current model used by chemists which depicts probable regions of greatest electron density (electron cloud)
useful in predicting the chemical behavior of atoms
Atomic number of an element
Equal to the number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic mass number
The number of protons + neutrons
Isotopes
Structural variations of elements that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
Atomic weight
The average of mass numbers of all isotopes of an element
Radioisotopes
- Spontaneous decay of atoms (Radioactivity) heavier isotopes are less stable and release particles or rays from the nucleus
- Similar chemistry to stable isotopes so they accumulate in the body where the typical isotope would end up
- can be detected by scanning
- can be damaging to living tissue
An atoms nucleus contains:
Protons and neutrons
The four elements that compromise 96% of living matter are:
Carbon, hydrogen, sodium, and oxygen
Energy is not an example of:
Matter