Anatomy Phisiology Chapter 1-5
Anatomy is the study of the ____________ of the body.
Structures
Phsiology is the study of the _____________ of the body.
Functions
Name the structural organization of the body in order....
- Chemical
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
Name the 11 organ systems of the human body
Digestive, Respiratory, Lymphatic, Endocrine, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Integumentary, Circulatory, Reproductive, Urinary
Membrane that lines the ventral cavitythat secrets fluid to prevent friction is called......
A serous membrane
A double layered membrane that folds to cover viscera organs is called?
Visceral Serosa
The double layered membrane which lines the walls is called?
Parietal Serosa
What does albumin do for the blood and what is it?
It is a protein which provides thickness and viscosity.
What does the axial include:
Head, Neck and Trunk
What does appendicular refer to?
The pelvis, arms and legs
What is energy?
The capacity of do work.
Energy exists in what two states?
Kinetic and Potential
What are the four forms of energy?
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Mechanical
- Radiant
What are the four elements that make up 96% of the body?
C H O N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What element is considered the "universal solvent"
Water
What is a positively charged ion called?
Cations
What is a negatively charged ion called?
Anions
Chemical bonds are formed (A+B-->AB)
Anabolic
think formed or build
Chemical bonds are formed (AB-->A+B)
Catabolic
Think of breaking down
What does a catalyst do?
Speeds up reactions. Like enzymes
What suffix does an enzyme's name often end in?
-ase
What are the three classes of carbohydrates?
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
Name three types of monosaccharides?
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
Name three types of disaccharides?
- Sucrose
- Maltose
- Lactose
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids through peptide bonds
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What essentially is deoxyribonucleic acid?
The blue print for the body
What is ribonucleic acid's function?
To be a messenger and carry out the DNA's instructions
What is ATP?
It is an immediate energy source for all cells and their chemical reactions.
The _________ is the structural and functional unit of all life.
Cell
What is the principle of complimentary?
That all cells, tissues and organs work together.
Name three extracelluar fluids (ECF) and compartments?
- Interstital fluid or tissue fluid
- Blood Plasma
- Cerebral Spinal Fluid
How do substances move across the plasma membrane?
Passive processes: Requires no energy, like diffusion
Active processes: Requires ATP energy,
Osmosis: Water always chases salt
What does water always chase?
Salt
Pressure exerted by the fluid against the walls of the blood vessels is called?
Hydrostatic pressure
Force opposing the hydrostatic pressure created by colloids such as albumin is called?
Colloid Osmotic Pressure
Isotonic solution: ______ concentration of solute inside and outside or the cell, so the cell volume__________________________.
Same, Stays the same
Hypertonic solution: ___________concentration of solute outside of the cell than inside of the cell, so the volume________________.
High, Shrinks
What does the medical term crenate or crenation mean?
Shrink
Hypotonic solution:__________concentration of solute outside of the cell the inside of the cell, so the cell volume______________.
Less, Ruptures
What is the medical term Lysis or Lyse mean?
Rupture
Remember it is always three_________out and two_______in.
3 sodium out and 2 potassium in
There is a higher concentration of ______ outside the cells than inside?
Sodium
There is a higher concentration of ________ inside the cell than outside.
Potassium