Diseases, Disorders and Diagnostic Terms
esophagram
esophagogram
an x-ray image of the esophagus taken while the patient swallows a liquid barium suspension
barium swallow
procedure where an x ray is taken while the patient swallows liquid barium suspension
barium meal
ingested in an upper GI series, radiographic examination is made as the barium passes through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
barium enema
rectal infusion of barium sulfate to study the lower intestinal tract
biliary tract
pathway for bile flow from the liver to the bile duct and into the duodenum
gallstone
biliary calculus or stone formed in the biliary tract, varying in size from very small to 4-5 cm in diameter
jaundice
right upper quadrant pain, obstruction, and inflammation of the gallbladder
choledocholithiasis
gallstones lodged in the common bile duct
pancreatolithiasis
presence of a pancreatic stone
sialography
a procedure to study the salivary ducts by injecting radiopaque substances into the ducts, which may be used to demonstrate the presence of calculi in the ducts
esophagoscopy
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy where the focus of the examination is the esophagus
gastroscopy
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy where the focus of the examination is the stomach
colonoscopy
endoscopic examination of the colon
colonoscope
instrument used to perform a colonoscopy
sigmoidoscopy
inspection of the rectum and sigmoid colon with and endoscope
proctoscopy
endoscopic examination of the rectum
proctoscope
instrument used to perfoem an examination of the rectum
diabetes mellitus (DM)
result of a resistance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion by the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas
hyperglycemia
an increased glucose level in the blood
polyphagia
excessive hunger and uncontrolled eating
polyuria
excessive urination
polydipsia
excessive thirst
gestational diabetes mellitus
first recognized during pregnancy, a carbohydrate intolerance, usually caused by a deficiency of insulin, disappears after delivery
hypoglycemia
the pancreas produces too much insulin resulting in the blood containing less than the normal amount of sugar
hyperlipemia
hyperlipidemia
an increased amount of fat or lipids in the blood
obesity
an abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells of the body
hyperemesis
excessive vomiting
dehydration
output of bodily fluid exceeds fluid intake
emaciation
excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
anorexia
loss of appetite for food
anorexia nervosa
psychological stress or conflict related disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat that results in emaciation
bulimia
episodes of binge eating followed by self induced vomiting
malnutrition
depletion of nutrients for body cells either from prolonged anorexia or bulimia
malabsorption syndrome
a complex of symptoms that include anorexia, weight loss, flatulence, muscle cramps, and bone pain
flatulence
excessive gas in the stomach and intestinal tract that leads to bloating
appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
hepatic
pertaining to the liver
cirrhosis
a chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells
hepatotoxic
toxic or destructive to the liver
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
cholangiography
x-ray examination of the bile ducts
cholangiogram
the record of the bile ducts produced in cholangiography
pancreatolith
pancreatic stone
sialolithiasis
presence of a salivary stone
eupepsia
good or normal digestion
dyspepsia
poor or abnormal digestion
viscera
large internal organs enclosed within a cavity
visceral
pertaining to the large internal organs in the abdominal cavity
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritoneum
membrane that surrounds the viscera and lines the abdominal cavity
inguinal
an opening in the abdominal wall for passage of spermatic cord in males and a ligament of the uterus in females