Integumentary System (Chapter 4)
abrasion
scraping away of skin or mucous membranes
acne
disease of the sebaseous (oil) glands and hair follicles in the skin, marked by plugged pores, pimples, cysts, and nodules on the face, neck, chest, back, and other areas.
actinic keratosis
precancerous condition in which rough, scaly patches of skin develop, most commonly on sun-exposed areas such as the scalp, neck, face, ears, lips, hands, and forearms; also known as solar keratosis
alopecia
autoimmune disease that results in loss of hair
alopecia areata
causes patchy hair loss from the scalp
alopecia totalis
causes total scalp hair loss
alopecia universalis
causes total body hair loss
basal cell carcinoma
common type of skin cancer that typically appears as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed.
bulla
large blister or skin vesicle filled with fluid
burn
type of thermal injury to the skin caused by a variety of heat sources.
callus
thickened, hardened, toughened area of skin caused by frequent or chronic pressure or friction
carbuncle
very large furuncle or cluster of connected furuncles
cellulitis
potentionally serious bacterial skin infection marked by pain, redness, edema, warmth, and fever
comedo
blackhead
corn
small callus that develops on smooth, hairless skin surfaces, such as the backs of fingers or toes, in response to pressure and friction; hard corns typically develop on the sides of feet and tops of toes, soft corns usually develop between toes
cyst
fluid-or solid containing pouch in or under the skin
decubitus ulcer
area of injury and tissue death caused by unrelieved pressure that impedes circulation in the skin and underlying tissues; also called a bedsore
ecchymosis, contusion
discoloration of the skin, bruise
eczema
inflammatory skin condition marked by red, hot, dry , scaly, cracked, and itchy skin or blister
epidermoid cyst
small sac or pouch below the skin surface containing a thick, cheesy substance; appears pale white or yellow but can be darker in dark-skined people
fissure
small, cracklike break in the skin
folliculitis
inflamation of hair follicles, marked by rash with small red bumps, pustules, tenderness, and itching, common on the neck, armpit, and groin area
frostbite
injury that occurs when skin tissues are exposed to temperatures cold enough to cause them to freeze
furuncle
infection of a hair follicle and nearby tissue, also called a boil; more invasive than folliculitis because it involves the sebaseous gland
impertigo
bacterial skin infection marked by yellow to red weeping crusted, or pustular lesions; common in children
incision
surgical cut in the flesh
laceration
cut or tear in the flesh
Lyme disease
bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, marked by erythema chronicum migrans, a red, circular rash that slowly expands and enlarges; untreated disease causes multisystem symptioms
macule
freckle, flat, discolored spot on the skin
malignant melanoma
aggressive form of skin cancer that often begins as various colored, asymmetrical lesions larger than 6mm in diameter
melasma
development of irregular areas of darker-pigmented skin on the forehead, nose, cheek, and upper lip; also called chloasma or the mask of pregnancy
papule
small, raised spot of bump on the skin such as a mole
paronychia
acute or chronic infection of the margins of the fingernail or toenail, marked by warmth, erythema, edema, pus, throbbing, pain, or tenderness; causes the nail to become discolored and thickened.
pediculosis
infestation of head, body, or pubic lice, marked by itching, the appearance of lice on the body, and eggs (nits) attached to the hair.
petechiae
tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots
psoriasis
chronic, inflammatory skin disorder marked by the development of silvery-white scaly plaques or patches with sharply defined borders and reddened skin beneath
puncture
hole or wound made by a sharp, pointed instrument
pustule
small, pus-filled blister
rosacea
chronic condition that causes flushing and redness of the face, neck, and chest
scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mire, with symptoms of itching, scaly papules, insect burrows, and secondary infected lessions most prevalent in skin folds at the wrists and elbows, between the fingers, under the arms, in the groin , and under the beltline
scales
area of skin that is excessively dry and flaky
sebaceous cyst
small sac or pouch bellow the skin surface filled with a tick fluid or semisolid oily substance called sebum
seborrheic keratosis
benign, flat, irregularly shaped skin growths or various colors with a warty, waxy, "stuck-on" appearance
squamous cell carcinoma
type of cancer that usually appears in the mouth, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, or vagina and uterine cervix, marked by a firm, red nodule or a scaly appearance; may ulcerate
tinea
fungal skin disease occurring on various parts of the body, also called a ringworm. Includes: capitis (scalp), corporis (trunk), crusis ( genital areas), nodosa ( mustache and beard), pedis ( feet athletes' foot), unguium (nails)
ulcer
lesion of the skin or mucous membrane, marked by inflammation, necrosis, an sloughing of damaged tissues
vesicle
clear, fluid filled blister
vitiligo
chronic skin disease that results in patchy loss of skin pigment; may also affect hair color and cause white patches or streaks
wart
small, benign skin tumor caused by various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) appearance varies from tiny to moderated-sized bumps or cauliflower-shaped growths.
wheal
rounded, temporary elevation in the skin, white in the center with a red-pink periphery and accompanied by itching