Skeletal Cartilage
-made from cartilage
-water lends resilency
-contains no blood vessels
-surrounded by dense connective tissue called perichondrium which has blood vessels hat deliver nutrients
-resist outward expansion
-contain chondrocytes in lacunae and extracellular matrix
Hyaline cartilage
-provides support, flexibility, and resilience
-made of collagen fibers
-most abundant type
-weakest
-consist of spherical chondrocytes
-EO: fibers are not normally visibe in normal stain
Elastic cartilage
-similar to hyalin but more flexible (contains elastic fibers)
-external ear and epiglottis
fibrocartilage
-thick collagen fibers in roughly parallel rows of chondrocytes
-strongest kind, has great tensile strength
- menisci of knee; vertebral disc (where great pressure is needed)
Growth of cartilage (appositional)
-Growth in width
-results in outward expansion due o the production of cartilage matrix on the outside of the tissue
growth of cartilage (interstitial)
-Growth in length
-chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within by the lacunae bounded chondrocytes
-at the epiphyseal plate interstitial growth will add to the length of the bone
Axial skeleton
-long axis of body
-skull, vertebral column, rib cage
Appendicular skeleton
-bones of upper and lower limbs
-girdles attaching limbs to axial skeleton
Long bones
-longer than they are wide
-limbs except for carpals and tarsals
short bones
-cube shaped bones (in wrist and ankle)
-sesamoid bones (within tendons, eg aptella)
-vary in size and number in different individuals
flat bones
-thin, flat, slightly curved
-sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones
irregular bones
-complicated shapes
-vertebrae, coxal bones
functions of bones
-support -movement
-protection -mineral and growth factor storage
-blood cell formation - triglyceride (fat) storage
-hormone production
- land marks to students of anatomy and medical personels
mineral and growth factor storage
-calcium and phosphorus , and growr