Evolve Reach Admission Assessment Exam Review: Digestive System Flashcards

The alimentary canal or digestive tube consists of the

The 8 organs/cavities that make up the alimentary canal are

What is another name for the alimentary canal?

The accessory organs of digestion include the

What does mastication mean?

What does the saliva do to chewed food?

Name the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

What enzyme does saliva contain?

What does Amylase do?

We chew our food into a ball before swallowing, what is that ball called?

True/False
Constrictive muscles of the pharynx force the food into the upper portion of the esophagus, and the food is swallowed.

The _____ is a narrow tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach.

How many layers does the digestive tract have?

Name the 4 layers of the digestive tract starting w/the most inner layer
1. ___________________

2. ___________________

3. ___________________

4. ___________________

True/False
Food enters the stomach, where gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid that breaks down foods.

Gastric glands secrete

What does hydrochloric acid do?

The stomach muscle churns & mixes the bolus of food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called

The __a__ also stores food & regulates the movement of food into the __b____.

Where is food stored?

The stomach regulates the movement of food into the

Almost all digestion & absorption of food occurs in the

True/False
In the small intestine food is acted on by various enzymes from the small intestine, pancreas & bile from the liver.

The ______ also contributes water to dilute the chyme & bicarbonate ions to neutralized the acid from the stomach.

Bicarbonate ions from the pancreas

What contributes water to dilute chyme in the small intestine?

The small intestine consists of 3 major regions:

What is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine?

The amino acids & simple sugars derived from proteins & carbohydrates are

Most of the fats are absorbed into the

What happens to the fats that have been absorbed into the lymph by lacteals?

True/False
All nutrients enter the hepatic portal vein to be routed to the liver for decontamination.

All nutrients enter ________, to be routed to the liver for decontamination?

All nutrients enter the hepatic portal vein to be routed to what organ?

Why are nutrients routed from the hepatic portal vein to the liver?

Small fingerlike projections called ____ greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal wall.

Which intestine reabsorbs water, stores & eliminates undigested food?

The large intestine

There is an abundant of what in the large intestine?

There is an abundant of bacteria & intestinal flora in the

The large intestine is arranged into 5 portions:

The opening for defecation (expelling of stool) is

~SUMMARY OF VITAL & NONVITAL ROLES OF DIGESTION~

~Mouth~
Breaks up food particles
Assists in producing spoken language.

~Salivary glands~
Saliva moistens & lubricates food
Amylase digest polysaccharides

~Pharynx~
swallows

~Esophagus~
Transports food

~Stomach~
Stores & churns food
Pepsin digest protein
HCI activates enzymes, breaks up food & kills germs
Mucus protects stomach wall
Limited absorption

~Liver~
Breaks down/builds up biological molecules
Stores vitamins & iron
Destroys old blood cells
Destroys poisons
Bile aids in digestion.

~Gallbladder~
Stores & concentrates bile

~Pancreas~
Hormones regulate blood glucose levels
Bicarbonates neutralize stomach acid
Trypsin & chymotrypsin digest proteins
Amylase digests polysaccharides
Lipase digests lipids

~Small intestine~
Completes digestion
Mucus protects gut wall
Absorbs nutrients, most water
Peptidase digests proteins
Sucrases digest sugars
Amylase digest polysaccharides

~Large intestine~
Reabsorbs some water & ions
Forms & stores feces

~Rectum~
Stores & expels feces

~Anus~
Opening for elimination of feces

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