Anatomy & Physiology: Endocrine System Flashcards

True/False
The endocrine system assists the nervous system in homeostasis & plays important roles in growth & sexual maturation.

~TRUE~

Does the endocrine system assist the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis in the human body?

YES

The __________ plays an important role in growth & sexual maturation in the human body.

Endocrine System

What 2 systems meet at the hypothalamus & pituitary gland?

Endocrine & Nervous system

The __1__ governs the pituitary & is in turn controlled by the feedback of __2__ in the blood.

1. Hypothalamus

2. Hormones

True/False
The nervous & endocrine systems coordinate & control the body, but the endocrine system has MORE LONG-LASTING & WIDESPREAD EFFECTS.

~TRUE~

____ are chemical messengers that control the growth, differentiation & metabolism of specific target cells.

~HORMONES~

What are the 2 major groups of hormones?

1. Steroid hormones
2. Protein hormones

Steroid hormones

enter the target cells & have a direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus

Most protein hormones remain

at the cell surface & act through a 2nd messenger, usually a substance called ADENOSINE MONO PHOSPHATE (AMP).

AMP or adenosine mono phosphate is a 2nd messenger for what type hormones?

Protein Hormones

How do most hormones affect cell activity?

By altering the rate of protein synthesis

True/False
The endocrine glands, although widely distributed, are grouped together as a system because the MAIN FUNCTION of each gland is the production of hormones.

~TRUE~

What are the main functions of each gland in the endocrine system?

Producing hormones

Are there hormones produced from the stomach, small intestine & kidneys?

~YES~

*Hesi Hint* True/False
Multiple hormones are released during stress from the adrenal cortex, the hypothalamus, posterior & anterior pituitary.

~TRUE~

The hormone Cortisol is released from the

adrenal glands

What hormone reduces inflammation, raises the blood sugar level & inhibits the release of histamine?

Cortisol

***************************************************
THE PITUITARY GLAND IS NICKNAMED THE

MASTER GLAND

The Pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the

Infundibulum

The pituitary gland has 2 majory portions:

The anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) & the Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis).

Hormones of the adenohypophysis are called _____ because they act mainly on other endocrine glands.

Tropic hormones

Adenohypophysis hormones are called tropic homones because they

act on other endocrine glands.

Adenohypophysis (tropic hormones) include:

* Somatotropin (STH) or growth hormone (GH)
* Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
* Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
* Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
* Luteininzing hormone (LH)

Hormones released from the neuorhypophysis of the pituitary include

* Oxytocin (labor hormone)
* Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which lobe of the pituitary produces TSH?

Adenohypophysis or Anterior lobe

Which lobe of the pituitary produces ACTH?

Adenohypophysis or Anterior lobe

Which lobe the pituitary produces Oxytocin?

Neurohypophysis or Posterior lobe

Which lobe the pituitary produces STH & GH?

Adenohypophysis or Anterior lobe

Which lobe the pituitary produces ADH?

Neurohypophysis or Posterior lobe