the substance or chemical being analyzed or detected in a specimen.

a portion of well mixed sample removed for testing.

chemicals added to a blood sample to prevent clotting.

Capable of burning, corroding or damaging tissue by chemical action

The study of cells using microscopic methods







a liquid used to dilute a specimen or reagent

fluids with concentration of protein and cellular debris that have escaped from the blood



device that separates liquids from solids.

used to describe a blood sample in which the red blood vessels have erupted

substance added to a specimen to prevent deterioration of cells or chemicals

sample of blood fluid, waste or tissue collected.

a place in which a collected specimen is analysed and evaluated

private or hospitalized based lab that performs a variety of tests

--> Change in hemostasis

the RBC's (red blood cells) Number 5 million per cubic millimeter (5x10^6/m^3), the Hemoglobin value is 15 grams per deciliter (15g/dL) , and the hematocrit is 45%

U.S. Food and drug administration

regulatory categories based on their potential risk to the public health:

• Waived tests, moderate complexity tests and high complexity tests.
• lab exams and procedures approved by the FDA for home use*

Centers for disease control and prevention*

are subject to unannounced inspections Every 2 YEARS

Physical, chemical and microscopic examination of Urine

may be Qualitative or Quantitative.

White blood cells (WBC's or Leukocytes) or Platelets (Thrombocytes) either by manual or automated counting

• the Characteristics of Cells such as size, shape and maturity

Has numeric results

urine screening

• diabetes
• kidney disease
• UTI

blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, and joint fluid (Synovial fluid)

involves the study of bacteria, fungi, yeast, parasites, and viruses.

the US. Department of Labors Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) The Clinical and laboratory standards Institute (CLIS);

can be classified as electrical, fire, and mechanical hazards

are rarely used in a lab but potential for fire still exists. Flammable material should not be stored near any source of ignition. Fires may be ignited by smoking, heating elements, and sparks. Fire blankets should NOT BE WRAPPED AROUND SOMEONE. PAT OUT THE FLAMES.

• arise from the use of lab equipment centrifuges,
• devices that separate liquids from solids,
• present a hazard not only from moving parts but also from glassware that might break during centrifugation and
• from aerosis that might be created if the tubes are not capped tightly,
• Pressurized types of equipment, such as autoclaves used in sterilization, present a danger if opened prematurely.

• the clinical lab is home to chemicals that are flammable,
• CAUSTIC, (capable of burning, corroding, or damaging tissue by chemical action),
• poisonous, carcinogenic, and or teratogenic. exposure can occur through inhalation,
• direct absorption through skin,
• ingestion entry through a mucous membrane, or entry through a break in the skin.

Material safety data sheet

• Includes the trade name,
• chemical name and synonyms,
• chemical family,
• manufacturer's name and address, emergency telephone number,
• hazardous ingredients,
• physical data,
• fire and explosion data, and
• health hazard and protection information.

• developed by the national fire protection association that provides information at a glance on the potential health,
• flammability, and chemical reactivity hazards of material,
• consists of four small colored,
• diamond shaped symbols grouped into a larger diamond shape.

indicates hazards to heath

indicates flammability

provides special hazard information, including radioactivity, special bio-hazards, and other dangerous situations

indicates a reactivity or stability hazard.

with 0 representing no hazard and 4 representing an extremely hazardous substance.

OSHA mandated the blood born pathogens (BBP) standard which covers all employees who could be "reasonably anticipated as the result of performing their job duties to face contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials"

the most effective way of preventing the spread of all infections.

• When you enter and before you leave an area.
• before and after every patient procedure.
• after contact with body fluid, even if gloves were worn.
• before and after eating.
• before and after using the restroom.

• patients full name
• the date and time of collection
• the type of specimen

• Physicians name, account number, address and phone number.
• patients full name, surname first; age date of birth and gender;
• address and insurance information.
• source of specimen.
• date and time of collection.
• specific test (or tests) requested.
• medications the patient is taking.
• possible diagnosis.
• indication of whether test is to be performed stat.

Grams (g) for weight
Meter (m) for length
Liter (L) for volume
prefixes are added to each symbol to reduce or enlarge them by units of ten.

millimeters (mm)
centimeters (cm)
micrograms (mcg)
Milligrams (mg)
grams (g)
microliters (mcL)
milliliters (mL)
Liters(L)
Cubic centimeters (cc)

is a system of reporting numbers that has been recognized by international organizations such as the world health organization (WHO)

wide straight - sided cylindrical vessels that are used for mixing or reagent prep can be used for mixing or reagent prep can be used for estimating volume. not calibrated.

are used for reagent prep and have a narrower mouth than a beaker. not calibrated.

come many sizes and are typically disposable. may be sterile and some may be calibrated.

used for measuring exact amounts of a liquid the size of the cylinder should be matched as closely as possible to the volume of the liquid being measured to obtain the most accurate reading.

must go through rigorous calibration to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. They are calibrated to single specific amounts such as 100mL or 500mL and cannot be used to measure volumes other than those indicated.

cylindrical calibrated tubes used to deliver or transfer specified volumes of liquid.

used for transferring

used for measuring

Binocular - 2 eye pieces
Monocular - 1 eye piece
Usual magnification is 10 times (10x)

has the lowest power (4x) and is called the scanning lens. used to scan the field of interest and then focus on a particular object.

low power (10x) used to observe greater detail

usually has a magnification of 40x or 45x\the longest objective, oil immersion 100x allows for the finest focusing of the object and requires the use of a special oil that is placed directly on the slide.

prevents refraction of light and improves the resolution of the magnified image.

( looks like a crockpot) - used when solids must be separated from liquids,

cabinets that maintain constant temperatures. (35c - 37c (FOR THIS * means DEGREE))

an instrument to use steam under pressure to sterilize materials that can withstand high temperatures.

Directs light up through the stage

(QA) is the pledge of healthcare professionals to work to achieve the highest degree of excellence in the health care given every patient.

When specimens needed as evidence in court cases, certain procedures must be followed for collecting and handling the specimen. Forensic or medicolegal implications require that any results of the testing of a specimen be obtained in such a fashion that they are recognized by a court of law.

the stepwise method used to collect, process, and test a specimen. documentation must be signed by every person who has contact with the specimen, from the collection to final reporting of results, Blood alcohol level testing and drug screening often require chain of custody handling. Everything needed for collection of the specimen is provided in a kit--even the gloves, vacuum tube, and the needle to collect the blood specimen. Documentation is included and must be signed by all personnel, Medical assistants and phlebotomists have been subpoenaed to testify in court about specimens they have collected therefore, it is in your best interest to follow chain of custody procedures rigorously.

10:30 pm / 5:55 Am / USE OF AM OR PM

1 PM - 1300 2PM - 1400 Ranges from Midnight 0000 (zero hundred) to 1200 (Twelve hundered hours(noon)) to 23:59.

PM: add 12 to time

AM: 1-9 = 0100 - 0900

10-12= 1000-1200

32*F

0*C

59-86* F

15-30* C

254* F

121* C

Sales manufacturer

pregnancy test

kidney disease

detection of ovulation

colorectal sceening to detect hidden blood in the stool

diagnosis of inflammatory process; > in pressure of arthritis, infection, leukemia, & mast cancers

hemoglobin-copper sulfate, nonautomated

of hemoglobin levels

measurement of hemoglobin levels in whole blood

monitoring blood glucose leves

measurement of glucose levels in whole blood

rapid, qualitative test to detect antibodies to help diagnose infectious mononucleous

Qualitative rapid strep test

substance abuse

quick qualitative diagnosis of influenza antigenins in nasal secreations or swab

screening for certain types of anemi

measurement of blood count, sceening for certain types of anemia

rapid whole-blood test to detect H. pylori antibodies to determine the cause of a peptic ulcer

dilutions are prepared by mixing volumes of sample, such as blood, body fluids or regents and volumes of diluent, such as water, saline solution or buffer.