Surgical Technology for the Surgical Technologist: A Positive Care Approach: Special Populations Chapter 4 - (Nicola) Flashcards

The first 28 days outside the uterus

1-18 months

18-30 months

30 months to 5 years

6-12 years

13-18 years

What is the pediatric surgical team more focused on for the patient
in terms of needs

A child less than 6 months cannot ....

A child less than 6 months is prone to which issues (in surgery) due
to lack of temperature regulation

Which sinuses are present at birth

What age does the frontal sinus develop

When does the sphenoid sinus develop

Normal heart rate for infant to 2 years

Normal heart rate for 2-6 year old

Normal heart rate for 6-10 year old

Normal heart rate for 10-16 year old

Normal respiratory rate for 1 year old

Normal respiratory rate for 3 year old

Normal respiratory rate for 6 year old

Normal respiratory rate for 10 year old

Normal respiratory rate for 17 year old

Patients who are ...... are usually held by the anesthesia provider
during induction

What is the appropriate out put of urine

A method of ECG monitoring in which the intra-arterial catheter is
inserted directly into the artery

A catheter passed through a peripheral vein and ending in the
thoracic vena cava; it is used to measure venous pressure or to infuse
concentrated solutions

The standard method of monitoring blood oxygenation levels for all
age levels

The two common types of shock seen in all age groups are

A state of shock when the body is overwhelmed by the pathogenic
microorganisms and cannot adequately fight the infection. GRAM
negative within the blood.
Other causes are UTI UTI and contaminated intravascular cathetar.
Presents with reduced circulating blood volume

Result in decreased venous return that lowers cardiac output and
leads to poor tissue perfusion with eventual lactic acidosis.

What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock in pediatric
patients and how can it be treated

Practically every antibiotic has been associated with the development

Inflammation of the small intestine and colon

What is the number one cause of death in children aged 1–15

The most common bone fracture is of the ......., usually as a result
of shoulder dystocia

What is the term used for difficult labor or delivery of a baby

Abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity

What refers to patients whose body weight is 100 pounds greater than
ideal body weight

Enlargement of the heart due to the increased demands placed on the
heart, leading to congestive heart failure

What is delayed due to the poor blood supply to the adipose tissue

Obese patients are prone to an increased incidence of ......

What is a surgical complication in which a wound ruptures along a
surgical suture

What significantly improves pulmonary function in an obese patient in surgery

What must be used with obese patients to reduce the incidence of DVT

What are the three most common complications after gastric bypass or
gastroplasty surgery

Often acute respiratory failure indicates peritonitis. If visceral
perforation is suspected, an exploratory laparotomy will be performed.
These can be described as ......

What occur when there is protrusion of an internal organ into a
retroperitoneal fossa or a foramen

What occurs when substances, such as air (gas) or fluid, accumulate
in the abdomen causing its outward expansion beyond the normal girth
of the stomach and waist

What are often found during abdominal procedures on obese patients

The pancreas produces little or no insulin, and the individual must
have daily, regular doses of insulin.

The pancreas produces different amounts of insulin. The individual is
not required to take insulin and blood glucose levels are usually
controlled by diet.

Complications associated with diabetes

Medical term, commonly known as a heart attack

The normal dosage of preoperative medication is decreased since
narcotics can induce vomiting, which predisposes the patient to fluid
and electrolyte imbalance, causing a hypoglycemic reaction

Monitoring is necessary to determine the patient’s needs for insulin,
glucose, or both. A glucometer is used to measure the blood glucose
level. Urine specimens are monitored for the presence of ketones.

What is one of the most common postoperative complications of
diabetes, primarily due to diminished levels of blood flow to the
affected area

What substances are made when the body breaks down fat for energy.

Performing surgery in the third trimester can lead to a .......

What can be hard to locate in a late term uterus

In pregnant patients, the three important items to remember are
..............when general anesthesia must be used

The surgical technologist should aid the surgeon by
..............during the surgical procedure to detect contractions.

When positioning a pregnant patient in the .... position, a small
rolled sheet or pad should be placed under the right hip to slightly
laterally shift the uterus to the left.

For a pregnant patient the operating room table may be ...... to the
left and placed in slight ..... to aid with venous return

Relief of pressure: (A) pressure on aorta and vena cava caused by
gravid uterus; (B) pressure is relieved by placing a wedge under right hip

Degree of function of an immune system that is designed to keep a
patient from infection by pathogens

Auto immune diseases include

What drugs are also administered to recipients of organ transplants
to prevent the recipient’s immune system from rejecting the newly
transplanted organ.

Patients who are receiving antineoplastic agents to combat cancer are .......

A cancer that produces painful external and internal lesions;
internally, the lesions can cause complications, such as difficulty in
swallowing (if present in the esophagus) or bowel obstruction (when
present in the intestine)

Which surgical patient may present with multiple opportunistic
infections by parasites, fungi, viruses, or bacteria; overall, the
general poor health demands special care of the patient

For which patient should the parent(s) or legal guardian should be
present while transporting to the surgery department, and allowed in
preoperative holding and brought into PACU as soon as feasible

What physical traits must be taken into consideration by the
anesthesia provider and PACU personnel for a Down syndrome patient

Isolation precautions are based on .... guidelines

The primary routes of transmission of microorganisms

The wearing of protective attire is mandated by the

Who requires the wearing of a NIOSH-certified respirator through its
tuberculosis standards

What percentage of geriatric patients present with one or more
comorbid condition

What pertains to a disease or other pathological process that occurs
simultaneously with another

Studies suggest that 30% to 80% of substance abusers suffer from .......

The presence of a ......... would benefit the surgical team to
provide assistance to the team and patient.

How do physicians often refer to the shorter the response time, the
greater is the chance for survival of the trauma patient

Concept that medical treatment of a trauma victim within the first
hour following injury improves patient outcomes

What should be given the sooner the better for a heart attack victim,
to give a greater chance that the heart rhythm will return to normal
with less damage to the heart muscle.

Can meet all needs required for treating trauma patients, including
qualified personnel and equipment on a 24-hour basis, offering a
comprehensive service and the highest level of surgical care.

Can treat seriously injured or ill patients, but does not have all of
the resources that a Level I facility would have

Most often a community or rural hospital in an area that does not
have a Level I or II facility. These centers offer limited care and
have resources for immediate care until the trauma patient is
stabilized and then transported to a Level I or II hospital.

Available in some states, the center can provide advanced trauma life
support to stabilize the patient before the patient is transported to
a Level I or II hospital. It provides initial evaluation,
stabilization, diagnostic capabilities, and transfer to a higher level
of care.

An attempt to understand the mechanism of injury and the action and
effect of a particular type of force on the human body, for instance a
bullet wound and knife wound will have different effects on the body

What results from forces such as deceleration, acceleration,
compression, and shearing

Examples in which blunt trauma is sustained include

What are classified as low velocity or high velocity

A scoring system used to assess the severity of a traumatic wound and
to determine the condition of a patient

What involves the Glasgow Coma Scale, Neuro 3-15 scale, as well as
other physiological factors.

Hair, tissue, and gunpowder residue may be found on the hands of the ....

What should be placed in a bag, and taped, if they do not require
surgery to preserve evidence

Vietnam veterans who have PTSD (1980) symptoms were at the time of
the war said to have

Epiphyses not closed until age 20

Male genitals

Bodily fluid

Caloric requirements for pediatrics

Physical priorities in OR/ER

Obesity issues/complications

Grounding pad placement on obese patient

Insulin =

Diabetic positioning priority

Pregnancy and surgery

Asymptomatic

Hearing impaired patient will need

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Collection of bullets for evidence

Hypothermia