A&P II
laminar flow
rapid flow through the middle of a vessel
turbulent flow
irregular fluid motion, due to rough or protruding areas of the vessel walls, or even a small vessel diameter
mean arterial pressure (MAP) formula
diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure / 3)
Cardiac Output formula (ml/min)
heart rate (beats/min) x stroke volume (ml/beat)
average adult cardiac output
72 bpm x 70ml/min = 5000ml/min = 5 L/min
***entire body blood volume is circulated in 1 minute
highest cardiac output (C.O. of olympians)
25 L / min
cardiac control center of the brain
medula oblongata
pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial (SA) node
Frank-Starling Law
Venous Return (VR) must = Cardiac Output (CO)
**due to the stretching of cardiac cells; they are able to do more work
arteriosclerosis
cholesterol deposits are mede on artery walls