Psych & Dev 2314 Flashcards
What is the first step of the scientific method?
draw conclusions
test the hypothesis
* pose a question
develop a hypothesis
In the sic of human development "nurture" refers to
universal traits
biological traits
* environmental influences
unique traits
The idea that change does not always occur in a straight line defines the ___ characteristic of development.
multicontexual
multicultural
plasticity
* multidirectional
Language learning is considered
continious process
* sensitive period
critical period
socioeconomic factor
Throughout his life, Bronfenbrenner
ignored the impact of the mesosystem
did not acknowledge how systems interacted
* emphasized studying humans in natural settings
argued against the bioecological perspective
the microsystem includes
school and church
local institutions
* family and peers
larger social settings
What does "socioeconomic status" refer to?
race
culture
*social class
cohort
Epigenetic theory arises from
biology, genetics and history
education, anthropology, and history
education biology and genetics
*biology, genetics, and neuroscience
Development is the result of interaction between biological and environmental forces. this statement most closely describes
behaviorist theory
pshychoanalytic theory
*epigenetic theory
sociocultural theory
According to Freud, each stage of development in the first 6 yrs of life is characterized by
*sexual pleasure
psychosocial conflict
inappropriate sexual behavior
classical conditioning
A major difference between Erickson and Freud is that
*freud emphasized psychosexual development, whereas Erickson emphasized psychosocial development.
Freud emphasized adulthood, whereas Erickson emphasized childhood
Freud emphasized the child's relationship to the family, whereas Erickson emphasized the childs relationship to his or her own sexual urges
Freud thought that father's had little role in development whereas Erickson saw fathers as central to development.
At what age does Ericsson's stage of identity versus role confusion occur?
infancy
school-age
*adolescence
adulthood
Behaviorist are also referred to as
analytical theorists
cognitive theorists
*learning theorists
eclectric theorists
The type of learning in which either a reinforcement or punishment follows a particular behavior is called
*operant conditioning
classical conditioning
respondent conditioning
Pavlovian conditioning
Social learning theory was first described by
*Bandura
In which of Plagets stages would one expect to see the development of an interest in ethics, politics, and social and moral issues?
concrete operational
symbolic
*formal operational
logical
five year old Jada is learning to speak dutch. in this example, what would be the primary domain of development
psychosocial
biological
*cognitive
physical
In an experiment tests of significance are used to
determine whether the results are scientifically important
*indicate how much one variable affects another
indicate whether the results might have occurred by chance