What is the Function of the Skeletal System
Provides support and the internal frame work
Where are the blood cells made
bone marrow
What does the Skeletal System protect?
soft tissues
What does the skull protect?
the brain, ribs
What does the breastbone protect
vital organs: heart and lungs
What are the skeletal muscles attached to?
bones and internal organs
What vital tissue does the bone contain
red bone marrow
What does red bone marrow mean
red blood cell formation
What does the bone storage?
calcium
What important part does the bone play in the body?
maintaining homeostasis of blood calcium
What is a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle function
homeostasis of blood calcium
The process of blood cell formation
HEMATOPOIESIS
The greek meaning for blood
hemo
Greek meaning "to make"
poiesis
Where is bone marrow found?
The Epiphysis
What is in between the Epiphysis and the Diaphysis?
The Physis
Where does the growing of cells take place a.k.a "The Growth Plate"
The Physis
What is the Diaphysis?
shaft
What is the Epiphyses
ends of the bones
The Four Types of bones?
long, short, flat, irregular, also sesamoid
What are osteocytes?
bone cells
What are Chondrocytes?
cartilage cells
Functions like a rubber cushion
Articular cartilage
Contains yellow bone marrow and is located inside the Diaphysis
medullary cavity
Whats also located in the bone?
porous
Surrounds the bone {outside the bone}
Periosteum
Inside the bone
Endosteum
where is the located yellow bone marrow located?
Diaphysis
Creates or forms new bones
osteoblast
breaks down bones
osteoclast
The process of Bone formation and Growth
osteoclast and osteoblast
As long as long as a layer of cartilage called ______________ remains between an epiphysis and diaphysis growth continues
epiphyseal plate
When does growth cease?
When the child has reached maturity {when all epiphyseal cartilage has transformed into bone}
What remains when growth has ceased?
epiphyseal line
Name two processes of bone formation
endochondral ossification and intramembranous
{most bones are developed}
center of ossification first appears
Diaphysis
Center of Ossification develops in
Epiphysis
How many bones in the body
206
How many bones does the Axial skeleton consist of
80
torsal, neck, and head what part of the skeleton do they belong
Axial
how many bones does the cranium have
8
Paranasal, Mastoid, Fontanels consist of what:
Cranium
how many normal curves are there
4
How many regions
2
Name the normal curves
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
What are the convex curves
cervical and lumber
What are the concave curves
thoracic and sacral
how many abnormal curves are there
3
name the abnormal curves
lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis
"swayback"
lordosis
"hunchback"
kyphosis
abnormal curve
scoliosis
How many pairs of ribs are there
12
how many true ribs
14
what are the numbers of the true ribs
1-7
how many false ribs
10
what are the numbers of the false ribs
8-10
how many floating ribs
2
what are the numbers
11-12
How many bones are there in the Appendicular Skeleton
126
what is the appendicular skeleton
upper and lower extremity
Upper extremity that consist of the clavicle, scapula, forearm, wrist, hands etc.
pectoral girdle
Lower extremity that consist of the femur, tibia and foot
pelvic girdle
How many carpals make up hand
8
How many metacarpals
5
How many phalanges
14
there are two types of osteocytes what are they?
osteoblast and osteoclast
what term forms new bones
osteoblast
what terms breaks down existing bones
osteoclast
where is the yellow bone marrow located?
Diaphysis
What is the cartilage that acts as a cushion at the end of the bone
articular cartilage
what is the inside of the bone called?
medullary cavity
term that surrounds the outside of the bone
periosteum
term that is inside the bone
endosteum
sculpting
the ability to ossify, grow, change shape, heal after injury
what is the largest tarsal bone called?
calcaneus
What is the calcaneus
heel
How many metatarsals are there
5
How many tarsals
7
How many arches are in the foot
3
Name the arches
medial, lateral and transverse
weakened metatarsal also known as "flat foot" what is this called?
transverse
How many types of joints are there? Name them
3, Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diathrosis
What is the joint that has movement
Diathrosis
what is the joint that has no movement
Synarthrosis
what is the joint that has slight movement
Amphiarthrosis
What holds the bones together
ligaments
what does the synovial membrane do?
secretes lubricating fluid
space between joints is called?
joint cavity
2 major skeletal disorders
osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma
disorder that affects the distal femur, more likely to happen to men,occurs between the ages of 20-40, treatment is surgical resection w/ pre &post operative chemotherapy
osteosarcoma
cancer of the hyaline cartilage, 2nd most most common cancer of skeleton tissues,treatment surgical resection only, affects ages 40-70
chondrocytes