Pathology Terms
Acute bronchitis
Infection and inflammation of bronchial airways
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Acute life threatening condition of lung injury that develop secondary to some other lung trauma or disorder
Allergic rhinitis
Inflammation of the nasel membranes caused by allergies
Asbestisis
Respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of asbestos fibers
Asthma
Disease marked by episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airways, resulting in wheezing SOB, and cough
Atelectasis
Partial collapse of the alveoli and tiny airways of the lung
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
A skill often taught in first- aid courses that help restore a victims breathing and circulation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Group of diseases in which air sacs are destroyed and chronic, severe SOB results
Coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP)
Respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive and hailing of coal dust often called black long or anthracosis
Coryza
Acute inflammation of the nasel mucosa; common cold
Crackles
Abnormal crackly lung sound- like the sound of rice krispies- heard with a stethoscope caused by air passing over retain secretions or by the sudden opening of collapsed Airways
Croup
Acute viral disease usually in children marked by a barking seal like cough and respiratory distress
Cystic fibrosis
Fatal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections increase airway secretions and COPD in children
Deviated septum
Condition in which the nasal septum is displaced to the side causing the two nares nasal pathways to be unequal
Emphysema
Disorder mark by abnormal increase in the size of air spaces distill to the terminal bronchiole and destruction of the alveolar walls, resulting in loss of normal elasticity and in progressive dyspnea
Empyema
Collection of infected fluid between the two pleural membranes that line the lungs
Epistaxis
Episode of bleeding from the nose commonly known as a nosebleed
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract
Hemothorax
Condition in which blood or bloody fluids has collected within the intrapleural space causing lung compression and respiratory distress
Histoplasmosis
Systemic respiratory disease caused by histoplasma capsulatum a fungus founded in soil contaminated with bird droppings
Hypercapnia
Chronic retention of CO2 causing symptoms of mental cloudiness and lethargy
Influenza
Common contagious acute viral respiratory illness commonly called the flu
Laryngitis
Condition of inflammation of the larynx, evidence did buy a temporary hoarseness or loss of voice
Legionellosis
Bacterial infection caused by the bacterium legionella pneumophila
Nasal polyps
Rounded tissue growth on the nasal or sinal mucosa
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Dysfunctional breathing that occurs when the upper airway is blocked during during sleep
Orthopnea
Labored breathing that occurs when lying flat and improves when sitting up
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx; commonly called sore throat
Pleural effusion
Excess collection of fluid in intrapleural space
Pleurisy
Condition in which the pleurae became inflamed, causing sharp inspiratory chest pain; also called pleuritis
Pneumoconiosis
Any diseases of the respiratory tract caused by chronic or repetitive of inhalation of dust particles
Pneumonia
Bacteria or viral infection of the lungs
Pneumothorax
Condition in which air collects in the intrapleural space; categorized as open, closed, spontaneous, or tension, and commonly called collapsed lung
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Sudden obstruction of a pulmonary blood vessel by debris, blood clots, or other matter
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
Contagious infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis organism primarily affecting the lungs but sometimes also spreading to that affecting other organ systems
Rhonchi
Course, gurgling sound heard in the lungs with a stethoscope, caused by secretions in the air passages
Silicosis
Respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive inhale inhale a shin of silica (quartz) dust
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities
Stridor
High- pitched upper- airway sound heard without a stethoscope, indicating airway obstruction; a medical emergency
Upper respiratory infection (URI)
Infection and inflammation of upper -airway -structures, usually caused by a virus, often called the common cold
Wheeze
Somewhat musical sound heard and lungs usually when a stethoscope caused by partial airway obstruction such as asthma
Arterial blood gases (ABG)
Measurements of o2 and co2 levels and acid-base balance pH balance in arterial blood
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the airways and of the lungs
Chest X-ray (CXR)
Radiological picture of the lungs
Mantoux test
Intradermal injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) just beneath the surface of the skin to identify whether the patient have been exposed to tuberculosis
Metered dose inhaler (MDI)
Handheld device used to deliver medication to the patient's lower airways
Nebulizer
Device that produces a fine spray or mace to deliver medication to a patient's deep Airways
Pleurodesis
Infusion of a sterile, irritating substance into the pleural space causing the pleural to fuse to one another by developing scar tissue
Postural drainage
Placement of the patient I'm various positions that facilitate drainage of secreation from the lungs often done along with chest physiotherapy (CPT)
Pulmonary angiography
Radiographic examination of pulmonary circulation after injection of contrast dye
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Group of Tessa provide information regarding a lung capacity sometimes called spirometer
Pulse oximetry
Indirect measurement of arterial blood to saturation level also known as spo2 normal level in a person with healthy lungs is 97% to 99%
Sputum analysis
Examination of mucus or fluid coughed up from the lungs
Thoracentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluid from the interpleural all space also called pleurocentesis
Vital capacity (VC)
Measurement of the volume of air that can be exhaled held after maximum inspiration