Pathology terms Chapter 5
Alzheimer disease
Form of chronic, progressive dementia caused by the atrophy of brain tissue
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Chronic, progressive, degenerative neurmosclar disorder that destroys motor neurons of the body; also called Lou Gehrig disease
Ball palsy
Form of facial paralysis, usually unilateral and temporary
Brain abscess
Collection of pus anywhere within the brain
Brain attack
Damage or death of brain tissue cause by interruption of blood supply due to a clot or vessel rupture; also known as stroke or cerebral vascular accident
Brain tumor
Any type of abnormal mass growing within the cranium
Cerebral concussion
A vague term referring to a brief loss of consciousness or brief episode of disorientation or confusion following a head injury
Cerebral contusion
Bruising of the brain tissue
Cerebral palsy (CP)
Caused by lesions or abnormalities of the brain arising in early stages of development
Delirium
acute reversible state of agitated confusion marks by disorientation hallucinations or delusions
Depression
The mood disorder mark by loss of interest or pleasure in living
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain often combined with meningitis and then called encephalomyelitis
Epidural hematoma
Collection of blood between the dura matic and the skull
Epilepsy
Chronic disorder of the brain mark be a reoccurring seizures which are repetitive abnormal electrical dicharges within the brain
Guillain - Barre syndrome (GBS)
Acute inflammatory disorder that causes rapidly progressing well at paralysis which is usually temporary and sometimes also sensory symptoms; also known as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Huntington disease
Hereditary progressive degenerative nervous disorder that leads to bizarre involuntary movement and dementia
Meningitis
Information and inflation of the meninges the spinal cord and CSF usually caused by an infectious illness often combined with encephalitis and then called encephalomyelitis
Migraine headache
Familial disorder mark by episodes of severe throbbing headache this is a commonly unilateral and sometimes disabiling
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Disease involving progressive myelin degeneration which results in loss of muscle strength and coordination
Neural tube defect
Incomplete closure of the spinal cord which may allowed protraction of the spinal cord and meninges at birth, leading to paralysis also known as spinal bifida
Parkinson's disease
Progressive degenerative disorder that results in tremor gait changes and occasionally dementia
Peripheral neuropathy
This function of nerves that transmit information to and from the brain and spinal cord characterized by pain altered sunsation and muscle weakness
Poliomyelitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord caused by a virus which may result in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
Reye syndrome
Serious disease associated with aspirin use by children with viral illness which may result in permanent brain damage or even death
Sciatica
Pain numbness weakness or tingling felt in the lower back along the pathway of the sciatic nerve into the leg
Shingles
Painful vesicles occurring on the upper body caused by herpes Zoster virus
Spinal cord injury (SCI)
Traumatic bruising crossing or tearing of the spinal cord
Spinal stenosis
Narrowing of an area of the spine to put pressure on the spinal cord and spinal nerve root
Subdural hematoma
Collection of red blood between the Dura and the arachnoid layer (middle or second layer of the meninges)
Tension headache
Non migraine headache and which pain is felt in all parts of the head
Tetanus
Non contagious illness marked by severe prolong spasms of skeletal muscle fibers also known as lockjaw
Translate global amnesia ( TGA)
Rare disorder not caused by neurological event or injury that causes sudden temporary loss or recent memory
Transit ischemic attack (TIA)
Temporary stroke like symptoms caused by a brief interruption of blood supply to part of the brain
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN)
Neurological disorder that causes severe, epsidodic facial pain along the pathway of the fifth cranial nerve also called tic douloureux