Skeletal System: Bones and bone tissue Flashcards

Function of bone:

For the body and soft organs

Function of bone:

For brain, spinal cord, and vital organs

Function of bone:

• Levers for muscle action via tendons.
• Ligaments prevent excessive movement

Function of bone:

Minerals (calcium and phosphorus) in bone matrix and triglycerides (fat for energy) in bone cavitites (yellow marrow)

Function of the bone:

• (hematopoiesis) in marrow cavities (red marrow)

What are the main components of skeletal system?

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Contain no blood vessels or nerves

• Cells: chondroblasts : produce matrix

• Chondrocytes: reside in lacunae

What is the matrix of skeletal cartilage?

Skeletal cartilage

covers the outer surface of cartilage-> contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery to cartilage

hyaline cartilage covering bones at joints has no perichondrium

• respiratory cartilage (trachea and bronchi) and nasal cartilage
• Provide support, flexibility, and resilience
• Most abundant type
• articular cartilage
• costal cartilages (ribs)

• Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength
• Pubic symphysis , menisci of knee, intervertebral discs

Growth of cartilage:

Appositional

Growth of cartilage:

-Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within.

Calcification of cartilage

bind bone to bone

bind muscle to bone

Bone histology

Bone is connective tissue thus made of

Bone histology

• stuff between cells, secreted by cells

What are the components of matrix?

The remodeling of bone tissue is a function of

Compared to other tissues, normal bone growth requires higher amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.

The spaces between developing skull bones that have not ossified are called

In endochondral ossification, chondroblasts produce a _________ cartilage model that has the approximate shape of the bone to be formed.

In _________ growth of cartilage, chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells.

These house the blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.

In __________ growth of cartilage, chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage.

Which matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

Articular cartilage covers the ends of long bones. Consists of specialized cells that called chondroblasts that produce new cartilage matrix surrounding themselves. Become chondrocytes when surrounded trapped in lacunae ; serves as a precursor for the formation of long bones in the body

Growth of cartilage in which chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of existing cartilage

Chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between cells of cartilage

Produce collagen and proteoglcans; release matrix vesicles, bone deposition, bone formation

Formation of bone by osteoblats; occurs by appositional growth

has fibers that are randomly arranged in many directions; first to form during fetal development or during repair of fracture; remodeled into lamellar bone

mature bone that is organized into thin sheets or layers; fibers are parallel to one another in one lamella but at an angle to the fibers in an adjacent lamellae

When blood calcium levels are low

When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.

Ligaments attach

Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of

vitamin D is important because

small, smooth surface of a bone where articulation occurs

The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,

Calcium is found in crystals called

are the basic units in compact bone tissue.