Which of the following is a particle found in the nucleus of an atom and that has no electrical charge?
neutron
Matter composed of a single type of atom is know as an ?
element
A stable atom has _________ in its valence shell.
8 electrons
Which parts of the atoms interact in a chemical reaction?
electrons
The outer ring in Figure 2-1 represents
an electron shell
The valence of an atom represents its?
ability to interact with other atoms
The type of bond produced when atoms share electrons equally is
a nonpolar covalent bond
The type of bond produced when atoms with somewhat different electronegativities share electrons is ____
a polar covalent bond
Which of the following types of chemical bonds do carbon atoms generally NOT form?
neither ionic nor hydrogen bonds
Unstable isotopes can be useful
in medical diagnosis
Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?
Hydrolysis; hydrogen bonds
Compounds that readily dissociate in water are
either polar or ionic
Which of the following is a property of water?
it has a high capacity for heat
An acid dissociates in water to release?
both anions and hydrogen ions
The reverse of a dehydration synthesis reaction is an ____ reaction.
Hydrolytic
A hydroxyl _____ acts as a base.
Anion
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of saturated fats?
They contain at least one double bond.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of phospholipids?
they contain fatty acids that associate with water
Organisms use carbohydrates in all of the following ways EXCEPT
to keep membranes flexible at low temperatures
Nucleic acids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates are all produced by?
dehydration sysnthesis
Which of the following is an example of polysaccharide?
Glycogen
Which of the following statements about proteins is FALSE?
Their primary function is energy storage
All of the following are components of an amino acid EXCEPT
pentose group
Which of the following is found in nucleic acids?
purines
Hydrogen Bonds are found in all of the following EXCEPT
between phosphates in ATP
Tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins involves _____ bonds.
ionic, hydrogen, polar, and nonpolar covalent
Which of the following are examples of pyrimidines?
Cytosine & thymine
All of the following bases are found in RNA molecules EXCEPT
Thymine
The "backbone" of the DNA molecule is composed of
alternation phosphates and pentoses
Which of the following would NOT normally be found as a component of a cells nucleic acids?
uracil deoxyribonucleotides
All of the following are associated with ATP molecules EXCEPT
a long term energy supply
Which of the following statements concerning nucleic acids is FALSE?
the nucleic acid polymer is composed of peptide bonds
Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?
secondary structure; disulfide bridges
Proteins contain both acidic and basic R groups, and can therefore function as
Buffers
A ____ is a compound that dissolves into anions and cations in water.
Salt
Plant cell walls are composed of ______ held together by ________ .
polysaccharids; hydrogen bonds
A ______ is an arrangement of atoms found in a variety of macromolecules.
Functional group
Decomposition reactions are commonly _____ reactions.
Exothermic
Lipids found in the membranes of all eukaryotic cells are _____ .
phospholipids
A protein is a _________ of amino acids.
polymer
DNA is composed of repeating units of sugars, phosphates, and nucleic acids. This is an example of a
polymer
A polymer composed of a simple sugar is an ____
Starch
Anna is conducting an experiment using pH indicator that is red at low pH, green at neutral pH and purple at high pH. She starts with a green solution. When she adds compound X to her solution it turns purple. Then she adds compound Z to the solution and it turns green. She adds more Z, the solution remains green. These observations suggest X is ____ & Z is ______ .
a base; a buffer
An amine group is removed from an amino acid and bounded to a second compound to form a different amino acid. No other molecules are uses or produced. What type of reaction is likely to be involved?
The answer cannot be determined for the available information
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a
monomer
Amylose is an ______ carbohydrate
polymer
Using a microscope you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of
Responsiveness
Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella?
Tubulin
Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE?
Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism
Protein synthesis occurs in the ____ ?
ribosome
Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?
both fimbriae and glycocalyces
Short hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called ?
Cillia
A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of
positive phototaxis
Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella is TRUE?
Prokaryotic flagella are anchored to the cell wall by means of the basal body
Which of the following statements concerning pili is FALSE?
Pili are long than fimbriae and flagella
Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls?
both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids
Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain:
Waxes
Lipid A is a component of
lipopolysaccharids
Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival?
Isotonic
Lipid soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes?
diffusion
ATP is expended in which of the following processes?
both active transport and group translocation
Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE?
during osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration
Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of
dipicolinic acid
The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT
transfer of genetic material between cells
Which of the following is unique to archaea?
Hami
The cells illustrated in Figure 3-1 are in an _____ environment
hypotonic
Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis and exocytosis is TRUE?
Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle
A lipid found in prokaryotes but NOT in eukaryotes is ____
Steriod
Which the following statements concerning centrioles is FALSE?
Centrioles are found in all organisms except prokayotes
Which of the following is classified as a non membranous organelle of eukaryotic cells?
centriole
Which of the following is associated with the mitochondria of a eurkaryotic cell
cristae
Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is correct?
The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm
Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell?
mitochondria
Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have
thylakoids
Which of the following is paired Incorrectly?
algae; glycocalyx present
Which of the following statements concerning the endosymbiotic theory is FALSE?
eukaryotes were formed from the union of small anaerobic cells by larger aerobic cells
Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?
packages cellular secretions
The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of
group translocation
Which of the following molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane rapidly and without the use of transport proteins?
small hydrophobic molecules only
Which of the following processes requires a carrier protein?
both facilitated diffusion and active transport
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?
mycolic acid
The cytoplasmic membranes of ______ contain phospholipids and proteins.
both bacterial and eukaryotic cells
Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of ?
eukaryotes only
Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by
eukaryotes
Some ____ use group translocation as a means of transport.
Bacteria
Hopanoids are found in ____ cytoplasmic membranes.
bacterial
The cell walls of some _____ are composed of proteins.
archaea
Cytoplasmic membranes of ____ are composed of phospholipids
bacteria and eukaryotes
Some members of _____ have hami.
archaea
_____ may have pili.
Bacteria
Cell walls composed of polysaccharide are found in
archaea and eukaryotes only
Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids?
Gram positive bacteria only