Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
they are nucleated
No Visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ___________ ?
monocytes
Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________?
Lymph Nodes
Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphatic structure?
Pancreas
The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called __________.
Peyers Patches
What effect does age have on the size of the thymus?
The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence through old age.
When the lymphatic structures are blocked due to tumors, the result is ______.
A severe localized edema distal to the blockage
What is the correct statement about lymph transport?
Lymph Transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscle
What is the correct statement about lymphocytes?
B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood
Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a ________?
Tonsil
Which of the following is NOT a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?
Thymus
Peyers Patches are found in the _______.
ileum of the small intestine
Which of the following is characteristics of antibodies?
composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains
Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?
passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus
Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell?
Antigenic
B Lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the __________?
Bone Marrow
Which of the following is NOT a function of the inflammatory response?
Replace injured tissues with connective tissue
The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by __________.
Vasodialation
The antibody molecule is held together by __________ bonds.
Disulfide
Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a FALSE or incorrect statement?
NK cells are a type of neutrophil
The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called _________.
Chemotaxis
Interferons __________.
interfere with viral replication within cells
__________ determine what specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist.
Out genes
What is the correct definition about tissue grafts.
Isografts are between identical twins
Which of the statements below does NOT describe antigens?
Antigens only come from microbes.
Cancer cells and virus infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by _________?
NK cells
Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed __________.
Opsonization
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the adaptive immune system?
It is specific for a given organ
Innate immune system defenses include ________.
phagocytosis
Phagocyte mobilization involves _________.
mainly neutrophil and macrophage migration into inflamed areas
One difference between the B-cell system and the T-cell system is that B-cells produce antibodies which react with ___________ antigens and the T-cell system reacts to ___________ antigens.
Extracellular , Intracellular
Mast cells and Basophils can produce ?
Histamine
_________ decreases the start of inflammation and __________ helps reduce the signs and symptoms of inflammation after it has occurred.
Cold compress and/or an antihistamine, heat and/or some local vasodialator
A partial antigen
has reactivity
The most antigenic complete antigen is
a protein of high molecular weight
The most likely reason a plastic or metal prosthetic device does not generally significantly activate the immune system is __________.
the antigenic determinants are so uniform (little diversity)
The T-cell receptor and the Cell Determinant TH 4 (CD4) surface markers are
different surface markers on the T-helper cell
During the process of developing immunocompetence
A T-cell that binds to self-antigens displayed in an MHC surface marker on cells has passed Positive selection and negative selection.
MHC II surface markers should
only be found on the cell surface of Antigen Presenting cells and should only be displayed on the cell surface when it displays foreign antigen obtained by phagocytosis.
T4 (T-helper cells)
Only recognize MHCII receptors; are the cells mainly targeted with a HIV infection; produce cytokines that activate much of the immune system
During specific immunity, competent cells are activated by:
Certain cytokines
T-cells and B-cells are;
Lymphocytes
The process of coating an antigenic microbe with antibodies and /or complement to make it more tasty (susceptible) to phagocytes is called:
Opsonization
Giving someone an intravenous injection of immunoglobulins would;
Protect the person from a specific antigenic microorganism by giving passive immunity; Cause him to produce his/her own antibodies to the pathogen causing the disease; Protect him for several years; Trigger formation of memory B-cells that can make antibodies to protect him from this disease in the future.
The immunoglobulin important for providing passive immunity to the fetus in utero is;
IgG
As part of the processing of exogenous antigens, an antigen-presenting cell digests a foreign antigen into fragments and also synthesizes the _______ and inserts the exogenous antigen into its groove.
MHC-II isoantigen surface marker
Presentation of an antigen bound to an MHC-I molecule signals that:
can be a normal self-antigen of the cell or one forced to be produced by the cell due to an intracellular infection.
Cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens combined with:
MHC I Antigens
Receiving an immunization with an altered form of the tetanus toxin results in:
Artificially acquired passive immunity
You would expect anchoring filaments to open spaces between endothelial cells in lymph capillaries when:
Interstitial Fluid hydrostatic pressure is high