Self-esteem refers an overall evaluation of your worth.
true
Dispositional traits are also referred to as “life stories.”
false
Erikson and Freud both view adult personality as being primarily determined by experiences during infancy and early childhood.
false
According to the psychometric approach, personality can be characterized as a set of distinct traits on which people differ.
true
Big five traits include neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness.
true
When a child says, “That’s me” when looking in a mirror, they are illustrating a looking-glass self.
false
Babies with difficult temperaments tend to be very passive and seldom cry.
false
Behavioral inhibition is the tendency to be shy and restrained.
true
The ability to sustain one’s attention is called effortful control.
false
The “ideal self” is who we wish others would be
false
Personality is thought to “gel” during infancy.
false
Most adolescents experience a dip in self-esteem that tends to rebound in later adolescence.
true
Foreclosure status is characterized by no crisis, and no commitment.
false
The identity moratorium status is characterized by active exploration of identity and possible crisis.
true
The main developmental trend in vocational choice during the adolescent years involves decreasing realism.
true
Older individuals tend to adjust their ideal selves to be more in line with their real selves.
true
In collectivist societies, the individual comes before the group.
false
Big Five personality traits tend to change dramatically following adolescence.
false
Erikson’s psychosocial crisis of generativity versus stagnation concerns a person’s life review typically conducted in very old age.
false
Successful aging requires engagement in society.
false
A specific evaluation of your self-worth defines the concept of self-_____.
esteem
The situational-specific ways in which people adapt to their roles is referred to as _____ adaptations
characteristic
Unique life stories that we construct about our past and future are called narrative _____.
identities
McCrae and Costa developed the _____ trait theory of personality.
Big Five
Albert Bandura is BEST associated with the _____ theory approach to personality development.
social learning
Cooley used the term _____ self in discussing the fact that self-concept is heavily influenced by the responses of others.
looking-glass
Thomas and Chess characterized infants who were even-tempered and happy as having an _____ temperament.
easy
Thomas and Chess characterized infants who were highly irritable and irregular in habit as having a _____ temperament.
difficult
_____ affectivity is the tendency for an individual to be easily frustrated, sad, or irritable.
Negativity
_____ identity status is characterized by no commitment made and no crisis experienced.
Diffusion
_____ identity status is characterized by both commitment made and crisis experienced.
Identity achievement
People in _____ cultures define themselves in terms of group membership and place great emphasis on group goals.
collectivist
Erikson’s first psychosocial stage involves a crisis of _____ versus _____.
trust; mistrust
Erikson characterized adolescence as involving a crisis of _____ versus _____.
identity; role confusion
The final of Erikson’s psychosocial stages involves the crisis of _____ versus _____.
integrity; despair
According to Erikson, most middle-age people are dealing with a crisis of _____ versus stagnation.
generativity
Levinson is BEST associated with his belief in a _____ crisis.
midlife
Many researchers have suggested that the best strategy for coping with aging involves selective _____ with compensation.
optimization
Atchley referred to the retirement period characterized by a relish for one’s newfound freedom as being the _____ phase of retirement.
honeymoon
_____ theory argues that successful aging involves a withdrawal from society.
Disengagement