Neutrophils
- most numerous
- polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
- fine granules take up both acidic and basic dyes
- give the cytoplasm a lilac color
- granules contain hydrolytic enzymes or defensins
- very phagocytic (bacteria slayers)
Eosinophils
- red-staning,bilobed nulcei
- red to crimisn coarse,lysosome-like granules
- digest parasitc worms that are to large to be phagocytizing
- modulators of the immune response-lessen the severity of allergic
Basophils
- rarest WBCs
- have U or S shaped nuclei
- large-purplish black granule contain histamine
- are funtionally similar to mast cells
Lymphocytes
- account fro 25%-45% of WBCs
- smallest leukocyte
- have large,dark-purple,circular nuclei with a thin rim of blue cytoplasm
- are found mostly enmeshed in lymphiod tissue
- there are two types of lymphocytes:T cells and B cells
-T cells function in the immune response
- B cells give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies
Monocytes
- account for 3-8& of leukocytes
- they are the largest leukocytes
- they have purple-staining, U-kidney shaped nuclei
- they leave the circulation,enter tissue,and differentitate into marophages
Name two stem cells,derived from a hemocytoblast,from which all bllod cells rise
- myeloid stem cells
- lymphiod stem cells (all blood cells arise)
What mineral is in the center of each molecule heme?
iron
Marcophage are produced by which leukocyte?
monocyte
Name a chemical released by basophils that initiates an inflammatory reaction.Also name the anticoagulant released by basophils.
(1)histamine
(2)heparin
What Vitamin is necessary for synthesis of four clottin factors produced by the liver?
Vitamin k
Where is the primary RBC "graveyard"
spleen
Leukemia
refers to a group of cancerous conditions of white bllod cells
What mineral deficiency reults in a hypochromic,microcytic anemia?
iron
Causes of sickle cell anemia and pernicious anemia
(1)caused by the abnormal hemoglobin
(2)is due to deficency of vitamin B12
Anemia
reduced oxgen-carrying ability of blood resultig from too few erthrocytes or abnormal hemoglobin
Leukocytosis
an increase in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells);usally the result of a microbiological attack on the body
Leukopenia
abnormally low white blood cell count
Thrombocytopenia
a reduction in the number of platelets circulating in the blood
Oxyhemoglobin
oxgen-bound form of hemoglobin
Hemostasis
stoppage of bleeding
Thrombus
a clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel
Diapedesis
passage of white blood cells though intact vessel walls into tissue
Postive Feedback Mechanism
feedback that tends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an inital change
erythropoietin
hormone that stimulates production of the red blood cells
polcythemia
an abnormal excess of erthrocytes that increase blood visosity
phlebotomy
the process of making and incision in a vein
petechiae
wide spread of hemorage, evidenced by many small purplish spots