The hypothalamus
regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland.
Hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary
are produced by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus.
One effect of ADH is to
decrease urine volume
One effect of ADH is to
- milk ejection in lactating women
- uterine contractions
Hormones that are secreted from the anterior pituitary are produced in
the anterior pituitary.
Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones
are all neurohormones
The factors that stimulate secretion of ADH include
decrease blood volume
A person with no ADH secretion (diabetes insipidus) might have symptoms including
extreme thirst and dehydration
Oxytocin secretion is stimulated by
stretches of the uterus
Anterior pituitary hormones
are proteins, glycoproteins, or polypeptides.
Growth hormone causes
increased somatomedin production.
Which of these factors results in increased GH secretion
A)high blood glucose
B)increased GH-IH secretion
C)stress
D)decreased amino acids in the blood
E)all of these
GH has a negative-feedback effect on the secretion of
GH-RH
Hypersecretion of GH in adults produces
acromegaly
All of these hormones are neurohormones produced in the hypothalamus EXCEPT
A)GnRH.
B)PRH.
C)PIH.
D)FSH.
E)GH-RH.
A molecule that has the same effects as opiate drugs (such as morphine, opium, and heroin) is
beta endorphin.
The major, more potent form of thyroid hormone that interacts with target cells is
triiodothyronine (T3).
Which of these molecules binds to most thyroid hormones and increases the half-life of thyroid hormones?
A)thyroglobulin D)tetraiodothyronine (T4)
B)tyrosine E)thyroxine-binding globulin
C)triiodothyronine (T3)
Which of these symptoms is a result of hyperthyroidism?
A)rapid heart rate
B)cretinism
C)cold intolerance
D)myxedema
E)reduced appetite
Which of these conditions causes increased TRH secretion?
A) increased T3 secretion
B) increased T4 secretion
C) hypothermia
D) prolonged fasting
E) all of these
T3 and T4
are bound to thyroglobulin during synthesis.
A deficiency of iodine in the diet causes
A) increased TSH secretion. E) all of these
B) decreased T3 and T4 production
C) increased TRH production.
D) thyroid enlargement (goiter).
Thyroid hormones cause
A)increased glucose, fat, and protein metabolism B)increased body temperature.
C)increased ATP production. D)normal growth and development.
E)all of these
The cells in the thyroid responsible for calcitonin secretion are
parafollicular cells.
Which of these conditions produce(s) elevated TSH secretion?
A)iodine deficiency
B)surgically removed thyroid
C)pituitary tumor D)all of these
When parathyroid hormone increases,
blood phosphate level decreases.
Which of these symptoms occur as a result of hypersecretion of PTH?
A)increased muscular excitability
B)muscle tetany
C)kidney stones
D)depolarization of cell membrane E)all of these
The adrenal medulla
produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
All of these cause increased secretion of hormones from the adrenal medulla EXCEPT
A)high blood glucose levels
B)stimulation by sympathetic neurons
C)emotional excitement D)stress E)exercise
aldosterone
increases sodium concentration in the blood.
Hyposecretion of aldosterone causes
hyperkalemia.
If cortisol secretion increases,
the inflammatory response decreases.
Which of these inhibits CRH secretion?
A)stress
B)ACTH
C)cortisol D)hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
E)both b and c
Glucagon increases
A)breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
B)glucose synthesis from amino acids and fats. C)blood sugar levels
D)fat breakdown. E)all of these
All of these are symptoms of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT
A)polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
B)hyperglycemia. C)peripheral vascular disease.
D)insulin shock. E)acidosis.
Which of these factors increases insulin secretion?
A)sympathetic stimulation
B)hypoglycemia C)secretion of gastrointestinal hormones
D)decreased amino acids in the blood E)both b and c
Immediately after a meal, which hormone level increases?
Insulin
Melatonin inhibits
inhibits GnRH secretion.
Which of these autocrine chemical signals, produced by most tissues of the body, can promote inflammation?
A)endorphins
B)enkephalins C)thymosins
D)prostaglandins E)melatonins
Which of these substances is responsible for the processing of T cells?
A)endorphin B)enkephalin
C)prostaglandin D)thymosin
E)melatonin