ball-and socket
head of one bone articulates with a cuplike socket of another shoulder and hip joint
saddle joint
similar to condyloid joint but allow greater movement first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
condyloid
oval articular surface of one bone fits into complementary depression radiocarpal(wrist) joints and second metacarpophalangeal(knuckles)joints
pivot joints
rounded end of one bone protrudes into a sleeve or ring joint between the atlas and the dens of the axis and the proximal radioulnar joint
hinge joint
motion is along a single plane elbow, knee and interphalangeal, and temporomandibular joints (TMJ)
plane(gliding) joints
articular surface are essentially flat intertarsal and intercarpal joint
plantar flexion
a movement of the ankle joint in which the foot is flexed downward as if standing on one's toes or pointing the toes
dorsiflexion
a movement of the of the ankle joint that lifts the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin
eversion
a movement that turn the sole of the foot laterally; the opposite of inversion
inversion
a movement that turns the sole of the foot medially
supination
movement of the palm from a posterior position to an anterior position radius and ulna are parallel
pronation
movement of the palm of the hand from an anterior or upward-facing position to a posterior or downward facing position radius rotates over ulna
circumduction
movement describes a cone in space
rotation
the turning of a bone around its own long axis
adduction
movement toward the midline
abduction
movement away from the midline
extension
reverse of flexion: joint angle is increased
flexion
bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint shoulder flexion
synovial joints
contains a joint cavity encapsulating synovial fluid between the articulating ends of bones
symphyses
fibrocartilage unites bones intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
synchondroses
hyaline cartilage unites bones epiphyseal plate sternocostal joints
diathroses
freely movable joints ball-and-socket, hinge etc
amphiarthroses
slightly movable joints tibiofilular ligaments
synarthroses
fixed and immovable joints neurocranial sutures
gomphosis
peg-in-socket joint teeth in their alveolar margins
syndesmosis
fibros ligament connect bones the tibiofibular ligament
sutures
ossified fibers unite bones the neurocarnial suture