The heart and blood vessels work together to efficiently pump blood to all body tissue.

transports oxygen and nutrients to body tissues; is a fluid tissue

Blood carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs and carries waste products to the kidneys

hollow, muscular organ located within the thoracic cavity

outer surrounding sac of the heart

external layer of the heart that connects with the pericardium

middle layer of the heart; thickest muscular layer

inner lining of the heart that consists of epithelial tissue

The coronary arteries get blood to the myocardium.

The two upper chambers of the heart (right and left)

The two lower chambers of the heart (right and left)

The left ventricle is the thickest, strongest chamber, because it forces blood through the aorta into the body.

has 3 cusps; is between the left atrium and the left ventricle

has 2 cusps; controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; shaped like a half moon

located between the left ventricle and the aorta; shaped like a half moon

AKA the cardiac cycle, is the complete contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles

formed on the ECG when the atria contracts

after the AV node fires the QRS wave is formed on the ECG, showing stimulation contraction of the ventricles

recovery or relaxation of the ventricles

represents hyperkalemia or high potassium level

atria
SA
QRS
atria
relaxation, ventricles

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other body parts

Carry blood to the heart; superior vena cava and inferior vena cava are the two largest viens

smaller arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

The largest artery in the body

The artery in the neck that supplies the brain with blood

permit the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and cells of tissue; smallest of blood vessels; carry blood to venules

Carry blood to veins

rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the heart contracting

60 to 100

measurement of amount of systolic and diastolic pressure against the walls of the arteries

90-140

ventricles contract; highest pressure

ventricles relaxing; lower pressure

60-90

Blood

91% water; straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones and waste products

red blood cells; formed element

white blood cells; formed element

smallest formed elements of blood; responsible for blood clotting

A, B, AB, and O

any substance the body regards as being foreign; A and B antigens determine blood type

O

AB

defines the presence of the Rh antigen on RBC; Rh positive makes blood type positive and Rh negative makes blood type negative

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of the heart

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues

physician who specializes in the diagnosis, medical management and surgical treatment of disorders of the blood vessels

coronary artery disease; atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries

hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by buildup of cholesterol plaque on the inner walls of the arteries

fatty deposit in the lumen of an artery

characteristic of atherosclerosis, deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

Ischemic heart disease, group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to a restricted blood flow to a part of the body

severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

myocardial infarction; blockage of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup

congestive heart failure; occurs mostly in older people; chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood it receives

abnormal enlargement of the heart, associated with CHF

inflammation of the heart

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by bacteria in the bloodstream

uncommon condition, inflammation of the myocardium developed because of a viral infection

inflammation of the pericardium where fluid builds up in the pericardial sac, which restricts the heartbeat and ability of the heart to pump blood to the body

used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

abnormal blowing or clicking heart sound usually caused by defective heart valves

inflammation of a heart valve

abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

abnormal narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart

the heart stops beating

irregular heartbeat

abnormally slow heartbeat (less than 60)

abnormally fast heartbeat (greater than 90)

atrial fibrillation; twitching or quivering atria replace normal rhythms

PAT; abrupt onset of very rapid and irregular heartbeats that originate in the atrium or AV node

ventricular fibrillation; can cause sudden cardiac death - most serious quivering, rapid, irregular and useless contractions of the ventricles.

inflammation of the blood vessels

abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

peripheral vascular disease; disorders of blood vessels that are located outside of the heart and brain

peripheral arterial disease; caused by atherosclerosis, impaired circulation in extremities and vital organs

localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

abnormal hardening of the arteries

AKA thrombophlebitis, inflammation of a vein

abnormally swollen veins, usually occurs with superficial veins in the legs

abnormal condition of having a thrombus

stationary blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

blockage of an artery by a thrombus

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

deep vein thrombosis; thrombus in a deep vein in bedridden patients in which a clot can travel to the lungs causing fatality

sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

blood clot that is broken up and circulating through the blood

abnormal increase in the number of RBC in the blood due to bone marrow excessively producing RBC

AKA bacteremia; sudden onset, can lead to sepsis and is often associated with severe infections caused by bacteria in the blood

abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

abnormal increase in the number of platelets circulating in the blood

fatty substance that travels through the blood

high cholesterol

low cholesterol

type of cancer characterized by progressive increase in the number of abnormal WBC

lower than normal number of RBC

an absence of all formed elements

breaking down of RBC faster than red bone marrow can replace them

most common anemia; decrease in hemoglobin

larger than normal RBC

lacking IF; deficiency of vitamin B12; hereditary

RBC are sickle shaped; hereditary

decreased hemoglobin and RBC; inherited

low density lipoproteins, bad cholesterol

high density lipoproteins, good cholesterol

high blood pressure

high blood pressure with no known cause

high blood pressure due to some other disease

low blood pressure

when a patient's blood pressure drops from changing position, i.e. sitting to standing, etc.

x-ray of blood vessels

dye is put into the heart via a catheter and an angiogram is formed

record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

electrocardiography; nonivasive process of recording the electrical activity of the myocardium

ambulatory EKG a patient takes home and wears for a 24-hour period

an EKG monitoring blood flow of the heart during exercise

lower blood pressure

medications that block the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract resulting in hypertension

medications that relieve angina, lower blood pressure, or treat heart failure by reducing the workload of the heart by slowing the heartbeat rate

medications that decrease the amount of calcium into the heart and vessels which decreases the workload of the heart by increasing blood supply and oxygen

water pills, stimulates the kidneys and increases urine output

blood thinners

given p.o., blood thinner to reduce clots

clot buster

tissue plasminogen activator, administered to patients having a heart attack or stroke; if given a few hours after symptoms begin it can dissolve the damaging blood clots

narrows blood vessels

dilates blood vessels

put under the tongue, used to prevent or relieve angina pain

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, AKA balloon angioplasty; mechanically open/widen a partially blocked artery

wire mesh tube placed inside the artery after it has been opened to prevent restenosis

surgical removal of an artery

surgical removal of the plaque from a carotid artery

coronary artery bypass graft or bypass surgery; open heart surgery where the leg vein is used to pass over a blocked area

done by medications or electric shock (cardiac shock) when a patient is in cardiac arrest

defibrillator for non-professionals that automatically defibriallates if necessary

used for treatment of bradycardia or atrial fibrillation to regulate the heartbeat

surgical removal of an aneurysm

surgical suturing of an aneurysm

surgical removal of an artery

to stop or control bleeding

card/o, cardi/o

angi/o, vas/o

arteri/o

capill/o

phleb/o, ven/o

hem/o, hemat/o

aort/o

plaque, fatty susbtance

slow

a mixture or bleeding

blood, blood condition

fast

clot