Chapter 20/21 Flashcards

returns fluids that have leaked from the blood vascular system back to the blood

provide the structural basis of the immune system

elaborate networks of drainage vessels that collect the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloostream

once interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels it is called lymph (lymph means clear water)

these capillaries weave between the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose connective tissues of the body

specialized lymphatic capillaries that transport absorbed fat from the small intestine to the bloodstream (lact=milk)

(chyle=juice)fatty lymph drains from the fingerlike villi of the intestinal mucosa

have the same three tunics as veins, but they have thinner walls and more ineternal valves, and they anastomose more.

largest collecting vessels unite to form these, they drain fairly large areas of the body

lumbar, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular trunks, and the single intestinal trunk

drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax

(much larger than R Lymphatic duct) receives lymph from the rest of the body

that collects lymph from the two large lumbar trunks that drain the lower limbs and from the intestinal trunk that drains the digestive organs

main warriors of the immune system, arise in red bone marrow

T cells and B cells that protect the body against antigens

daughter cells that secrete antibodies into the blood (or other body fluids)

these play a crucial role in body protection and the immune response by phagocytizing foreign substances and by helping to activate T cells.

capture antigens and bring them back to the lymph nodes

fibroblast-like cells that produce the reticular fiber stroma

which is the network that supports the other cell types in lymphoid organs and tissues

dominates all the lymphoid organs except the thymus. largely composed of a type of loos connective tissue

loose arrangement of lymphoid cells and some reticular fibers

solid spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed lymphoid cells and reticular fibers

proliferating (increase rapidly) B cells predominate, they are lighter-staining

which cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. embedded in connective tissue, but there are hundreds of these small organs

as lymph is transported back to the bloodstream the lymph node act as lymph filters.

lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs are strategically located sites where lymphocytes encounter antigens and are activated to mount an attack against them.

connective tissue strands that extend inward to divide the node into a number of compartments

The cortex and medulla

extend from the cortex in the lymph node and contain B cells, T cells, and plasma cells (macrophages reside on these fibers)

large lymph capillaries spanned by crisscrossing reticular fibers

Lymph enters the convex side of a lymph node through a number od afferent lymphatic vessels

number of smaller sinuses that cut throug hthe cortex and enter the medulla

the indented region on the concave side

soft, blood-rich spleen is about the size of a fist and is the largest lymphoid organ

White pulp, and Red pulp

where immune functions take place, so it is composed mostly of lymphocytes suspended on reticular fibers

where worn-out red blood cells and bloodborne pathogens are destroyed, contains huge numbers of erythrocytes and the macrophages that engulf them

prtoects the digestive, reproductive, and respitory systems from foreign matter. \ distributed lymphoid tissues strategically located in mucous membranes throuhout the body. - peyer's patches, tonsils, and the appendix

palatine tonsils (these are what get removed), lingual tonsils (can't be removed), pharyngeal tonsils, tubal tonsils (can't remove these)

large clusters of lymphoid tissue, structurally similar to the tonsils - found in small intestine

tubular offshoot of the efirst part of the large intestine and contains a high concentration of lymphoid follicles

buds from developing veins

T cells and B cells

1. filteration - microphages destroy microorganisms, and debris
2. immune system activation - monitor for antigens and mount an attack against them

1. returns intersitial fluid&plasma back to blood
2. filters lymph

1. Lymphatic Capillaries
2. Lymphatic Collecting vessels
3. Lymph nodes- filters
4. Trunks and ducts

-allow interestitial fluid to enter lymph capillaries
-do NOT allow lymph to escape from the capillary

Lymph Nodes

inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions

follicles w/ germinal centers (heavy w/ dividing B cells: prdocue plasma cells)

T-cells in transit

the union of the largest collecting ducts

spleen

structures found in the medulla of the thymus (areas where hormone is produced)

Peyer's patches