Central Processing - chapter 3 test A&P
Cell
Basic unit of life
Cell membrane
Outer covering of a cell
Cytoplasm
The lining matter of a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Cell nucleus
Functional center of a cell
Tissue
Two or more cells that perform a specialist function
Four major primary tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Epithelial Tissue
Covers the body's external surface - skin
Connective Tissue
Provides support, stores energy, and connects other tissues and parts.
Muscular Tissue
Shortens as it contracts and lines the inner walls of organs that contract
Nervous Tissue
Tissue of communication
Organs
Body part containing two or more tissues that function together for a specific purpose (heart etc)
Stomach - Organ
Part of digestive system
Skin - Organ
The largest organ of the body
Organ system
Group of organs working together - i.e. digestive system
Bones in human body
Approx 206
Tendons
A cord of fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to bone
Ligament
Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone
Ossification
Bone healing - cartilage is replaced by bone
Gliding joint
Allows us to move our head
Ball and socket
Shoulder and hip - rounded head and cup
Pivot joint
Allows turning in motion i.e. palm of hand
Hinge joint
Found in knees and knuckles
Synovial fluid
Lubricates joints surfaces
Cortical (compact bone)
dense and strong - harder outer surface
Cancellous (spongy bone)
Bone filled with marrow
PLIF
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion - remove disc tissue pressing on lower spine
Skeletal Muscle
Muscle attached to bone by tendons
Smooth Muscle
Thin, flat sheets of tissue, also called involuntary. They control breathing
Cardiac muscle
Woven mesh fibers that branch through the heart
Fasciotomy
Incision in the fibrous membrane covering a muscle
Herniorrhapy
Repairing a hernia
Rotator cuff repair
Repair to the muscle and ligaments of shoulder joints
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Consists of brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System PNS
All nerves outside brain and spinal cord
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain - mental activities and movement
Cerebellum
Second largest part of brain - muscle coordination, balance, and posture
Brain stem
Controls many automatic functions - breathing, heartbeat etc
Eye sclera
White portion of eye
Choroid
Middle layer of eye
Retina
3rd layer of eye
Middle ear bones
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Tongue organ of taste
80 different types of chemical odors and combinations
Endocrine system
Responsible for hormone secretion
Pituitary Gland
Considered the master gland
Thyroid Gland
Helps regulate rate of metabolism
Parathyroid Gland
Controls calcium levels
Adrenal Gland
Located on top of each kidney
Pancreas
Produces insulin and glucagon
Chromosomes
23 chromosomes
each egg contains 46 - 23 from mom and 23 from dad
Epididymis
Carries sperm from the testes to vas deferens
Vas Deferens
Transfers sperm to seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Produces the fluid element in semen
Kidneys
Bean shaped organs act to filter waste
Liver
Filters blood
Skin contains
Sweat glands, hair, nails
Pharynx
Air passes through this, crossroads of nose and mouth
Larynx
Voice box
Small intestines
20-23 feet long
Large intestine
5-6 feet long
Plasma
55% of blood is.. 92% water and proteins
Red Blood cells
Rich in hemoglobin last 120 days
Heart pumps...
5 liters of blood