Unit 2: Chemistry of Life Flashcards

Tiny particle that is the fundamental building block of all substances.

Particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Has positive charge.

Particle in the nucleus of an atom. Has no charge.

part of atom with a negative charge; orbits the nucleus.

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

Substance that contains only 1 kind of atom and cannot be broken down to simpler substances.

Atom that has a positive or negative charge.

Compound resulting from covalent bonding between atoms.

Bond between atoms where electrons are shared.

Bond formed by an attraction between atoms of opposite charges.

Bond formed by an attraction between partially charged atoms and a hydrogen that is covalently bonded to another partially charged atom.

Any compound that contains carbon bonded to at least one other atom, usually hydrogen.

Compound without carbon-hydrogen bonds

Electrons in an atom's outer layer. Electrons involved in bonding between atoms.

Molecule which has positive and negative regions resulting from unequal sharing of electrons in a polar covalent bond.

Attraction of molecules between the same substance. ex: water molecule attracted to other water molecule

Attraction between molecules of different substances.
ex: water molecule attracted to molecules that make up spider web.

Substance that dissolves in a solvent.

Substance in which something is dissolved.

Mixture of where solute is dissolved in a solvent.

Water can dissolve most substances making it a versatile solvent. This is due to its polarity which attracts anything with a charge.

Force that hold molecules together on the surface of a liquid.

The amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius.

Water has a high specific heat so it takes lots of energy to raise the temperature - due to hydrogen bonds in water.

The ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and in opposition to, external forces like gravity (flows against gravity).

Occurs because water is sticky - due to forces of adhesion and cohesion.

Measures how acidic or basic a substance is. Ranges from 1-14 with 0 being most acidic and 14 being most basic.

Large molecules. Macromolecules found in all living things: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.

Macromolecules that are energy storage molecules. Contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Macromolecules that are fats or oils (triglycerides), phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.

Macromolecules made up of amino acids. Makes up many parts of your body.

Macromolecules which are the genetic material - DNA and RNA.

physical force that is responsible for interactions between charged particles.