exam 2 chapter 13 Flashcards

Components of a bacteriophage (4)

diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in

prisons are different because they lack

in virus taxonomy, some virus families are derived from the name of

Prusiner discovered

Lytic Replication cycle:
earliest to latest (5)

majority of cases of infant diarrhea are caused by _______ virus

zones of clearing cell cultures which are a result of virus infection are called _________ which are infected with ___________, which might be caused by a _________ viral infection

lipid membrane is present in both ______ and _____

double stranded RNA genomes can be found only in ________

(3) are associated with the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell

many diseases of plants are caused by infectious RNA molecules lacking ____

most viruses cannot be seen by ___________ microscope

during ____, viruses remain dormant in a cell

viruses are shed slowly and steadily during _________ infection

virus replication results in the ____ of the cell in a lytic

cytoplasm is a characteristic of ________ only

proteins are present in both _________ and _________

(2) membranes that can give rise to a viral envelope

host specificity of a virus is due to interactions between _______ and _______ surface molecules

tumors invade other organs and tissues through process called

the phenomenon of transduction is associated with

the outermost layer of a virion fulfills (2)

scientist- was the first person to demonstrate the existence of viruses

double stranded DNA genomes are found in

T/F
viroids have protein in their structure

________ is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses

viroids infect ________

acelluar-

Acellular lack _______,
cannot __________, _________, _______ to their environment

Acellular includes (3)

Virus-

virus has a _______ which is surrounded by a proteinaceous ________ that form a coat called _______

virus can be ______ extracellular state and intracellular state

virion is a complete _________ which includes a _____ and a ________ outside of the cell

the genomes of viruses include either

primary source of genomes classification

what is a virus that infects a bacterial cell?

virions can have a membranous _______ or be naked w/o

the outermost layer of a virion fulfills _____ and _______ functions of the virus

viruses are classified based on (4)

viruses depend on random contact with a _______ for replication

Lytic Replication Cycle (5) stages

once attachment has been made between virion and host cell:
with phages only the ________ enters the host cell.
With animal viruses the ___________ virion often enters the cell

removal of capsid is a process called

within the host cell, the viral nucleic acid directs _________ of more viruses using _______ and _____ of the host cell

assembly of synthesized virions occur in the

when virions are released from the host cell either called _____ of the host cell or by extrusion of envelope virions through host cytoplasmic membrane called _______

what is it called when bacteriophages enter a bacterial cell and remain inactive?

inactive phages are called

___________ results when phages carry genes that alter the phenotype of a bacterium

process where an animal virus remains inactive in a cell

latent virus is also known as a

with the exception of B virus, ______ viruses act like cellular DNA in transcription and replication

retroviruses are

_______ is uncontrolled cellular reproduction in a multicellular animal

tumor is harmless

tumor is invasive//cancerous

term that describes the spreading of malignant tumors and invading other organs and tissues

viruses must be cultured inside whole organisms in chicken eggs or cell cultures because viruses cannot

when a mixture of bacteria is grown on an agar plate, bacteria infected w phages lyse, producing clear areas are called

a technique called _______ enables the estimation of phage numbers

viruses can be grown into 2 types of cell cultures

diploid cell cultures last

continuous cell cultures which are derived from ____ cells last __________

viroids were discovered in _______ (year)

viroids are

similar pathogenic molecules are known as

prions

disease caused by prions are

disease by prions involve fatal

term
UV light or x rays can induce conversion of prophage back to lytic phage

viruses are (size)

_______ cause most diseases that plagues the world

extracellular has a _________ which is a protein coat surrounding nucleic acid

intracellular: virus exists as a ________
non enveloped or enveloped?

what is the primary way scientists categorize and classify viruses?

capsid is composed of proteinaceous subunits called

Replication of animal viruses-
DNA viruses often _________
RNA viruses often ___________

Environmental factors that contribute to activation of oncogenes (4)

viruses cause _____ (%) of human cancers

viroids are extremely _______ (size)
(shape) __________
of (DNA or RNA) ____________