Elements
A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus.
Mixture
In chemistry, a mixture is a material system made up by two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically.
Compound
A chemical compound is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements
Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds.
Alkali metals
The alkali metals are a group of chemical elements in the periodic table with very similar properties: they are all shiny, soft, silvery, highly reactive metals.
Alkali Earth Metals
The alkaline earth metals are a group in the periodic table. The alkaline earth metals are called the group 2 elements.
Halogens
Any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group 7 of the periodic table. They are reactive nonmetallic elements that form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen, from which simple salts can be made.
Noble gases
Any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, occupying Group 0 (8) of the periodic table. They were long believed to be totally unreactive but compounds of xenon, krypton, and radon are now known.
Transition metals
Any of the set of metallic elements occupying a central block (Groups IVB–VIII, IB, and IIB, or 4–12) in the periodic table, e.g., iron, manganese, chromium, and copper. Chemically they show variable valence and a strong tendency to form coordination compounds, and many of their compounds are colored.
Periodic Table
a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.
Period
a set of elements occupying an entire horizontal row in the periodic table.
Group
a combination of atoms having a recognizable identity in a number of compounds.
Bonds
a strong force of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule or crystal, resulting from the sharing or transfer of electrons.
electrostatic force
the forces between particles that are caused by their electric charges.
valencies
the combining power of an element
giant ionic lattice
A giant ionic lattice is a highly regular arrangement of anions and cations
ionic bond
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
ions
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
covalent bond
when elements try and achieve noble gas structures by transferring electrons from one atom to another
simple molecular substances
These contain only a few atoms held together by strong covalent bonds. An example is carbon dioxide (CO2), the molecules of which contain one atom of carbon bonded with two atoms of oxygen.
Molten
a substance liquified by heat