Two functions of an articulation
hold bones together
allow the rigid skeletal system flexability
How are joints classified
structure & function
Functional classification is based on
The amount of movement at a joint
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable
Dominates Axial skeleton
Which is more clear cut structure or function
Structural classification is more defined.
Amphiarthrotic
slightly movable
Diarthrotic
Freely movable
Dominates limbs
Synarthrotic
Immovable
This type dominates the Axial skeleton
Structural classification is based on
presence of connective tissue fiber,cartilage, or a joint cavity.
Names of structural classifications
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Cartilaginous
AMPHIARTHROTIC Slight degree of movement
Cartilage connecting bony portions
ie...pubic symphsis & vertebral bodies,costal cartilage
Synovial
DIARTHROTIC freely movable
Fibrous articular capsule lined w/a synovial membrane
Joint cavity present
Hip,knee,& elbow
Fibrous
SYNARTHROTIC-essentially immovable
bone regions united by fibrous connective tissue
ie....sutures
ABDUCTION
MOVEMENT AWAY FROM MIDLINE
ADDUCTION
MOVEMENT TOWARDS MIDLINE
CIRCUMDUCTION
THE LIMB AS A WHOLE OUTLINES A CONE
FOUND IN BALL & SOCKET JOINTS
ROTATION
AROUND IT'S OWN LONGITUDINAL AXIS
EXTENSION
TO INCREASE THE ANGLE OF A JOINT
FLEXION
TO DECREASE THE ANGLE OF A JOINT
PRONATION
INWARD ROTATION OF FOREARM
SUPINATION
OUTWARD ROTATION OF FOREARM
THE SHAPE OF AN ARTICULAR SURFACES DETERMINES?
TYPES OF MOVEMENT THAT CAN OCCUR
PLANE JOINT
NONAXIAL
GLIDING MOVEMENTS
EX:INTERCARPAL JOINTS VERTEBRAL ARTICULAR SURFACES
HINGE JOINT
UNIAXIAL
ONE PLANE MOVEMENT
USUALLY FLEXION OR EXTENSION
EX:ELBOW
PIVOT JOINT
UNIAXIAL
ONE PLANE MOVEMENT
EX:ALANTOAXIAL JOINT (between atlas & axis)
CONDYLAR JOINT
BIAXIAL
MOVEMENT IN 2 PLANES
FLEXION/EXTENSION
ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION
EX:WRIST & METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS
(KNUCKLES)
SADDLE JOINT
BIAXIAL
MOVEMENT IN 2 PLANES
FLEXION/EXTENSION
ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION
EX:CARPOMETACARPAL JOINTS OF THE THUMB
BALL & SOCKET
MULTIAXIAL
MANY PLANES
FLEXION/EXTENSION
ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION
ROTATION
EX: SHOULDERS/HIPS