AP2 ENDOCRINE Flashcards

The hypothalamus
A) rests in the sella turcica.
B) is also called the neurohypophysis.
C) is located inferior to the pituitary gland.
D) regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland.
E) is located superior to the thalamus.

2. The two functional portions of the pituitary gland are the
A) infundibulum and neurohypophysis.
B) pars nervosa and pars tuberalis.
C) neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis.
D) adenohypophysis and infundibulum.
E) infundibulum and hypothalamohypophysial portal system
Answer: c

Which of the following is a subdivision of the anterior pituitary?
A) pars nervosa
B) pars distalis
C) pars hypothalamus
D) pars infundibuli
E) pars proximalis

The posterior pituitary
A) has a direct connection with neurons of the hypothalamus.
B) is controlled by releasing hormones produced in the hypothalamus.
C) produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands.
D) stores lipotropins.
E) is not related to fluid balance in the bod

A function of the hypothalamohypophysial tract is to
A) move ADH from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
B) move releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.
C) carry action potentials to the posterior pituitary causing the release of oxytocin.
D) cause the release of insulin from the anterior pituitary.
E) form a vascular connection from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary

Arrange the following in the sequence in which releasing hormones travel through them.
1. Secondary capillary network
2. Primary capillary network
3. Hypothalamohypophysial portal vessels
A) 1, 2, 3
B) 3, 2, 1
C) 2, 3, 1
D) 3, 1, 2
E) 2, 1, 3

Releasing hormones
A) travel on axons to the posterior pituitary.
B) increase anterior pituitary secretion .
C) cause action potentials to be generated by anterior pituitary cells.
D) are produced in the pars distalis.
E) decrease secretions of the anterior pituitary.

Which of the following hormones is synthesized by the hypothalamus?
A) ADH
B) MSH
C) TSH
D) ACTH
E) T3 and T4

If fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame,
A) ADH secretion increases.
B) ADH secretion decreases.
C) there is no effect on ADH secretion.
D) ADH secretion stops.
E) none of the above

ADH secretion will increase when
A) blood osmolality increases.
B) blood pressure increases.
C) blood volume increases.
D) blood pH increases.
E) blood osmolality decreases.

A person working outside in the hot sun can perspire a great deal. This increase in
perspiration results in an increase in water loss from the body. Increased water loss causes the
blood osmolality to increase. This increased osmolality is "sensed" by the
A) kidneys.
B) osmoreceptors.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) anterior pituitary.
E) baroreceptors.

Urine volume ____ when ADH secretion decreases.
A) increases
B) decreases
C) is not affected
D) declines
E) none of the above

ADH
A) is produced by cells of the anterior pituitary.
B) is stored and released from the posterior pituitary.
C) has the uterus as its primary target.
D) travels on axons to its target tissue.
E) travels in the blood from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.

Oxytocin is responsible for
A) preventing release of insulin from the pancreas.
B) preventing the formation of goiters.
C) milk production by the mammary glands.
D) regulating blood calcium levels.
E) causing contractions of uterine smooth muscle during labor.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary?
A) ADH
B) TRH
C) CRH
D) FSH
E) Oxytocin

Anterior pituitary hormones
A) are all proteins or glycoproteins.
B) are transported in the hypothalamohypophysial portal system.
C) bind to intracellular receptor molecules.
D) have a half-life of hours.
E) are released as a direct result of action potentials.

Anterior pituitary hormones
A) are all proteins or glycoproteins.
B) are transported in the hypothalamohypophysial portal system.
C) bind to intracellular receptor molecules.
D) have a half-life of hours.
E) are released as a direct result of action potential

ADH is synthesized by the ____ while TSH is synthesized by the ____.
A) kidney; thyroid
B) posterior pituitary; thyroid
C) hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
D) kidney; anterior pituitary
E) posterior pituitary; hypothalamus

Growth hormone
A) increases amino acid uptake in cells.
B) decreases the use of fat as an energy source.
C) decreases the synthesis and storage of glycogen.
D) increases the use of glucose for energy.
E) facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells.

Which of the following will inhibit the secretion of growth hormone?
A) growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
B) growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
C) somatomedins
D) a posterior pituitary-inhibiting hormone
E) T3 and T4