Sociology Flashcards

The notion of the looking-glass self is a concept originally developed by:
a. George Herbert Mead
b. Spencer Cahill
c. Charles Horton Cooley
d. Ervin Goffman

Of the following, what is a neccessary condition for deviance?
a. A deviant act must actually occurs
b. The deviant must be arrested
c. The act must be illegal
d. A real or perceived norm violation must occur

According to the textbook, what is the definition of McDonalization?
a. A situation in which people refrain from contributing to the common good when a resource is freely available
b. A situation in which people acting in their own self interest use up commonly available but limited resources
c. The process by which the characteristics of the fast-food restaurant come to dominate other areas of social life
d. The process by which jobs are subdivided into tasks requiring less-skilled employees

Organized crime refers to:
a. illegal actions by people who white-collar jobs
b. Crime involving cooperation of two or more businesses
c. illegal actions on the part of a corporation or large business
d. Any business that supplies illegal goods or services

When sociologists study social interaction, they focus on all BUT which one of the following?
a. the ways in which people who do NOT know each other manage to interact
b. the system guiding social interaction
c. the personalities of those involved
d. the spoken and unspoken rules guiding that interaction

According to Goffman, everyday life is a series of social interactions in which people are motivated to:
a. "sell" a preferred image to others
b. adopt other people's identities
c. present a false image to others
d. consistently occupy one social identity

What does NOT happen back stage?
a. Dirty work
b. Impression management
c. Present a false image to others
d. consistently occupy one social identity

Clothing and body adornment differ from other attributes such as age, race, or gender because they:
a. Rarely affect how others perceive us
b. Are not unique to a particular
c. can be manipulated to influence others' impression of us
d. cannot be manipulated to influence others' impression of us

Which of the following is an example of an achieved status?
a. wife
b. having blue eyes
c. brother
d. being born male

Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of an ideal bureaucratic organization?
a. rules and regulations
b. personal needs considered
c. technical competence
d. hierarchy of offices
e. specialization in roles
f. formal, written communications

In poor nations, poverty is __________ than in the United States
a. more likely to involve men
b. more widespread and severe
c. addressed more effectively
d. less serious a problem

Which of the following are counted among the functions of the family?
a. socialization of the young
b. regulation of sexual activity
c. social placement
d. all of the above

Race refers to _______ considered important by a society; ethnicity refers to ______.
a. cultural traits; biological traits
b. biological traits; cultural traits
c. differences; what we have in common
d. what we have in common; differences

A good example of a person in the upper-upper class is:
a. JK Rowling, author of the Harry Potter books
b. Anyone who is part of the "working rich"
c. the queen of England
d. All of the above

Crime differs from deviance in that crime:
a. is always more serious
b. is a violation of norms enacted into law
c. is usually less serious
d. involves a larger share of the population

If you wanted to understand your social position, you should consider which of the following factors?
a. being born into a certain family
b. race
c. gender
d. all of the above

Coming to class dressed in a monkey suit or a bikini would violate a
a. symbol
b. more
c. folkway
d. cultural universal

Cross-cultural studies have shown that:
a. Gender distinctions are consistent across cultures
b. there are, at most three gender categories in any society
c. an individual's gender identity never changes
d. Gender is variable across societies and within individual lives

The distinction between prejudice and discrimination is that
a. prejudice is a behavior, and discrimination is an attitude.
b. prejudice is a attitude, and discrimination is an behavior.
c. prejudice is a ideology, and discrimination is an attitude.
d. prejudice is a attitude, and discrimination is an ideology.

Sociologists use the term "social marginality" to refer to:
a. people who have little understanding of sociology
b. having special social skills
c. being defined by others as an "outsider"
d. people who are especially sensitive about their family background

We tend to form an impression of others within the first minute of meeting someone new. This formation is part of impression management and includes forming an impression based on
a. race
b. sex
c. age
d. achieve status
e. none
f. all

In Goffman's backstage, people
a. are on their best behavior
b. "let their hair down"
c. behave appropriately
d. follow the "rules"

While being in the upper-upper class is usually the result of _______, being in the lower upper more often a matter of __________.
a. ascribed status; achieved status
b. achievement; birth
c. achieved status; birth
d. birth; ascribed status

Deviance:
a. is not universal
b. is a violation of the social laws
c. elicits social approval
d. Remains consistent through time
d. all
e. none

The notion of the looking-glass self is a concept originally developed by:
a. George Herbert Mead
b. Charles Horton Cooley
c. Spencer Cahill
d. Ervin Goffman

Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning stratification
a. it i based on objective criteria
b. It can carry from one generation to the next
c. It is a trait of the individual, not society
d. It perpetuates social inequality

Social stratification is a concept that refers to:
a. specialization in productive work
b. society ranking categories of people in a hierarchy
c. the idea that all people are created equal
d. All
e. None

When students go away to college, they tend to make lifelong friends and may even find their spouse. Merton would consider this a ___________ function of education.
a. manifest
b. latent
c. social dysfunction
d. affective
e. none

What does the sociological perspective tell us about whom any individual choses to marry?
a. there is no explaining personal feeling like love
b. people's actions reflect human free will
c. the operation of society guides many of our personal choices
d. in the case of love, opposites attract

If a researcher spends a month with members of the Maasia tribe in Kenya in order to study body rituals, the researcher is performing what type of research?
a. experiment
b. survey
c. participant observation
d. using existing sources

The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by
a. Herbert Spencer
b. Karl Marx
c. Auguste Comte
d. Adam Smith

When studying suicide in 1897, a famous sociologist argued that variations in the suicide rate must be explained in terms of:
a. individual motives
b. social forces
c. altruism
d. emotions
e. egoism

Belonging to a Neo-Nazi group is an example of:
a. counterculture
b. popular culture
c. high culture
d. real culture
e. virtual culture

The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in France was:
a. Karl Marx
b. Robert Merton
c. Emile Durkheim
d. Auguste Comte
e. Charles Cooley

If you attend a New York Ballet performance, you would be experiencing:
a. cultural transmission
b. high culture
c. popular culture
d. virtual culture
e. nonmaterial culture

A ______________ function of education in the US is the perpetuation of gender, racial, and class inequalities
a. manifest
b. latent
c. social dysfunction
d. prerequisite

What does the Sapir-Whorf hypo argue?
a. The degree of cultural complexity is related to the effectiveness of languages as systems of communication
b. The Hopi do not use three verb tenses; thus, they have no concept of time
c. culture describes what language is able to describe
d. all humans are endowed with the ability of language
e. The languages people think influence the way people think

As discussed in class, Deborah Tannen's research on the speech habits of men and women has revealed that:
a. there are no discernible differences between the way men and women use language
b. men tend to use language to build connections with others
c. women tend to recite information in attempt to solidify their position in a social hierarchy
d. men rely more on nonverbal gestures then do women
e. women tend to use language to build social connections with others

Which of the following is NOT a question that would interest conflict theorists:
a. who benefited from having a fence between Mexico and US
b. who built the fence, those with more power or less power
c. how was the fence contributed to the well being of American-society
d. all question would be asked
e. none

What is the most cited reason as to why couples tend or have disagreements
a. infidelity
b. children
c. money
d. household work
e. inlaws

In Jap 95.5 percent pf marriages involved brides and grooms both classified in the pattern of marrying with one's own ethic group is known as
a. exogamy
b. monogamy
c. endogamy
d. polyandry

The fact in general. American and Brazilians have different notions about the appropriateness of social touching, sex, and even emotions is evidence that:
a. genetically programmed responses override cultural norms.
b. even apparently natural behaviors may be fundamentally shaped by culture
c. instinctive behavior may vary among human populations
d. warm environment s select for any kind of phycological pattern, while temperate and could climate select for another
e. Brazilians and Americans have been genetically distinct populations for many generations

Durkheim is known for many concepts pertaining to sociology. One concept discussed in the book, but not in class, is his concept of anomie. Anomie typically occurs during periods of profound change with society. Durkheim argued that anomie is considered to be:
a. a division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities
b. a loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective
c. a construct or model for evaluating a specific model
d. collective benefits of social networks

Family is important to be socialization process because:
a. family members are often what Mead calls "significant others"
b. families give children social identity in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion
c. parents greatly affect a child's self-concept
d. all
e. none

When Jamie was little, her mother bought her an Easy Bake oven. This oven for Jamie to practice cooking at a very young age. The type of socialization (as defined in your textbook) refers to
a. resocialization
b. total socialization
c. total institution
d. anticipatory socialization
e. generalized socialization

Which theoretical approach would examine how two athletes from opposing teams would view their personal experience of the same exact game?
a. structural functionalist
b. social conflict
c. symbolic interactionalist
d. feminist theory
e. none

Thinking of society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to the survival is a reflection of which theoretical perspective?
a. conflict
b. structural functionalist
c. symbolic functionalist
d. ethomethodology

An example of resocialization would be:
a. a person with the flu staying a week in the hospital
b. a convicted criminal spending five years in prison
c. a baby learning the alphabet
d. all
e. none

Which of the following is NOT determined by culture
a. what is considered edible
b. how often we need to eat
c. who would prepare the food
d. who we can eat with
e. the need to eat and drink

The idea that a person eats Kraft American cheese wrapped in individual plastic bags is an example of
a. counterculture
b. popular culture
c. high culture
d. real culture
e. ideal culture

Lower income countries face which type of poverty?
a. relative poverty
b. absolute poverty
c. transitional poverty
d. transient poverty

Organized crime refers to:
a. Illegal actions on the part of a corporation or large business
b. Illegal actions by people who white-collar jobs
c. Crime involving cooperation of two or more business
d. any business that supplies illegal goods or services

The US is a
a. low income country
b. middle income country
c. high income country
d. none

Harold is a graduate student and an employee at a production agency. He also participates in a co-ed soccer at the YMCA. These are examples of Harold's __________ statuses.
a. ascribed status
b. achieved status
c. master

Sharon is Asian American, 41 years old, and has brown eyes. These are examples of a ___________ status.
a. ascribed
b. achieved
c. master

A teacher is expected to be a stern disciplinarian and an empathetic counselor to his students. This is an example of _____________.
a. role strain
b. role conflict
c. role set
d. role exist

The same teacher is expected to stay after school for a PTA meeting and his wife expects him home for dinner. This is an example of__________
a. role strain
b. role conflict
c. role set
d. role exist

Ronald is a teacher, father, and church-goer. this is an example of ________
a. status set
b. role set
c. role conflict
d. role strain

Emily is another, sister, employee, friend, and committee member. This is an example of ________.
a. status set
b. role set
c. role conflict
d. role strain

However, when Amer Med Assoc wanted to include warning label on cig in 1960s, they were told absolutely not by the tobacco co and farmers who were in charge of the cash crop and were associated with politicians at the time. It has been perceived by many that this has impacted the health of many people. What perspective best explains this situation?
a. structural functionalist
b. social conflict
c. symbolic interactionalist
d. feminist theory
d. none

Work involving mostly manual labor such as a construction job is called:
a. blue-collar work
b. white-collar work
c. pink-collar work
d. agrarian work

In general, people of low class position:
a. live in less safe and more stressful environment
b. are less likely to describe their own health as "excellent"
c. live fewer years overall
d. all
e. none

Because of social stratification in the US:
a. some people have more privileges and opportunities than others do
b. all people begin life on a level playing field
c. working hard is the only way people become wealthy
d. what people get out of life is pretty much what they put into it
e. all

Which of the following factors affect social standing in the US
a. the family you were born into
b. your race
c. your gender
d. all
e. none

As discussed in class, what type of modern slavery is most common (india)?
a. Chattel slavery
b. debt bondage
c. servile forms of marriage
d. all