IUPAC Nomenclature:
International Union of pure and Applied chemistry, est 1919
Linear alkane: parent (or root) name for:
1C
2C
3C
4C
5C
6C
7C
8C
9C
10C
1C- Methane
2C- Ethane
3C-Propane
4C-Butane
5C- Pentane
6C- Hexane
7C- Heptane
8C- Octane
9C- Nonane
10C- Decane
Cyclic alkanes: uses prefix Cyclo-
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclopentane
Rules for IUPAC Nomenclature:
1, Find the longest continuous carbon chain
-Determine the
root name
-A a ring with more carbons than the carbon chain
takes priority.
-If there are two chains with equal length, use
the chain w/greater number of substituents.
2. Number the chain
by priority
-1st substituent group gets lowest #
-If a
tie--> arrange for sub. group to have the smallest #possible
-If the 1st subs have the same #, number such that the @nd subs
has the smaller number.
3.Determine name & position # for
each substituent
-include prefix: di, tri, tetra, ect...
4. In alphabetical order, before the root name
-INClude:
iso and cyclo-
-Ignore prefixes like sec-, tert-, di, tri,..
Using IUPC Nomenclature name this molecule
Longest carbon chain 9=nonane
substituents:
6-ethyl
3-methyl
=6-ethyl-3-methyl nonane
Using IUPC Nomenclature name this molecule
It the Ring has more carbons than the carbon chain, the ring takes
priority.
Ring=cyclohexane
substituents:
1-propyl
=1-Propyl Cyclohexane
Using IUPC Nomenclature name this molecule
Chain with equal amounts of carbon, pick the chain with the most
substituents, then # the chain from the side that has most sub.
Longest carbon chain 7=heptane
Substituents:
6-methyl
2-methyl
Note: there is two methyl =
dimethyl
4-propyl
3- methoxy (oxygen attached to a
carbon)
=>3-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-propyl heptane
Common alkyl groups:
replace "ane" ending of alkane name with "yl". Alternate names for complex substituents are given in brackets.