Ch. 24 The Urinary System
The bean-shaped kidneys lie in a ____________ position.
retroperitoneal
An adult's kidney has a mass of about?
150g (5 ounces)
The average dimensions of an adult kidney are?
12cm long
6cm wide
3cm thick
What mass sits atop of the kidneys but is functionally unrelated?
the adrenal (suprarenal) gland
Three layers of supportive tissue that surrounds each kidney are?
- The renal fascia
- The perirenal fat capsule
- The fibrous capsule
An outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney to surrounding structures?
the renal fascia
A fatty mass that surrounds the kidney and cushions it against blows?
The perirenal fat capsule
A transparent capsule that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney?
The fibrous capsule
An event when one or both kidneys may drop to a lower position?
Renal ptosis
Backup of urine from ureteral obstruction or other causes is called?
Hydronephrosis
Three distinct regions of the kidney are?
-The cortex
-The medulla
-The pelvis
The most superficial region of the kidney that appears light-colored and has a granular appearance.
The renal cortex
Deep to the cortex is a darker reddish-brown layer which exhibits cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids is called?
Renal medulla
The apex of each renal pyramid is called?
the papilla
The _________ are inward extensions of cortical tissue that separate each pyramid.
Renal columns
the kidney is made up of how many lobes?
Eight
The _________ is a funnel-shaped tube which is continuous with the ureter leaving the hilum.
renal pelvis
Branching extensions of the pelvis form two or three ____________.
major calyces
The job of the calyces is to?
collect urine.
The walls of the calyces, pelvis, and ureter contain smooth muscle which do what?
contract rhythmically to propel urine by peristalsis
an infection of the renal pelvis and calyces,
Pyelitis
Infections or inflammations that affect the entire kidney
Pyelonephritis
The structural ad functional units of the kidneys
Nephrons
Each kidney contains over ___ million of these tiny blood-processing units which carry out the processes that forms urine
one
Each nephron consists of a _______ and a _________.
renal corpuscle, renal tubule
Each renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called?
glomerulus
A cup-shaped hollow structure that is the first step in filtration of blood to form urine.
Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule)
KNOW BOTH!
The endothelium of the glomerular capillaries is _____________meaning they are exceptionally porous.
fenestrated
(glomerular capillaries are very leaky)
The plasma-derived fluid or__________ is the raw material that the renal tubules process to form urine.
Filtrate
The glomerular capsule has two layers.
An external parietal layer and a visceral layer.
the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is made up of what tissue type?
simple squamous epithelium
The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule that clings to the glomerular capillaries is what tissue type?
highly modified, branching epithelial cells
The highly modified, branching epithelial cells in the visceral layer of glomerular capsules are called?
Podocytes