the digestive system Flashcards

continuous, coiled, hollow, muscular tube that winds through the ventral body cavity and is open at both ends.

what are the 6 organs of the alimentary canal?

mucous membrane lined cavity

protect mouths anterior opening

form the mouth lateral walls

form the mouths anterior roof

forms the mouths posterior roof

fleshy fingerlike projection of the soft palate

space between the lips and cheeks externally and the teeth and gums internally

area contained by the teeth

occupies the floor of the mouth

fold of mucous membrane, secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior movements

posterior end of oral cavity are paired masses of lymphatic tissue

covers the base of the tongue just beyond

walls contain 2 skeletal muscle layers - cells of the inner =___________, cells of the outer =_______

from the mouth food passes posteriorly into the oropharynx and laryngopharynx which are ?

posterior to the oral cavity

continuous with the esophagus below

(gullet), runs from the pharynx through the diaphragm to the stomach

passageway that conducts food to the stomach

walls of the alimentary canal organs from the _____ to the large intestine are made up of four basic tissue layers

innermost layer; moist membrane lines lumen of the organ

what type of tissue is the mucosa made up of?

scanty smooth muscle layer; esophagus has friction resisting _______; just beyond the esophagus is ________

just beneath the mucosa; soft connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerve endings, lymph noduls, lymphatic vessels

third tissue layer; muscular layer made up of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells

outermost layer; single layer of flat serous producing cells

continuous with the slick slippery parietal peritoneum

lies the abdominopelvic cavity by way of a membrane extension called ______

what are the two intrinsic nerve plexuses of the alimentary canal? what are they apart of and what do they do?

where is the stomach located?

stomach region positioned near the heart; surrounds the cardio esophageal sphincter

through which food enters the stomach from the esophagus

expanded part of the stomach lateral to the cardiac region

mid portion of stomach; as it narrows it becomes the ______

funnel shaped, terminal part of the stomach; continuous with small intestine through the pyloric sphincter

when the stomach collapses inward on itself and mucosa is thrown into large folds

convex lateral surface of stomach

stomachs concave medial surface

double layer of peritoneum; extends from liver to the lesser curvature

extension of the peritoneum

draps downward and covers the abdominal organs, attaches to the posterior body wall; riddeled with fat for insulation, cushion, protection

large collections of lymph nodules containing macrophages and defensivr cells of the immune system

acts as a temporary storage

what does the third layer of the stomach do? (oblique layer)

Where does the chemical breakdown of proteins begin?

mucosa of the stomach composed entirely of mucous cells that produce a protective layer of what?

what is the smooth lining of the stomach dotted with?

substance needed for absorption of vitamin B12

produce protein digesting enzymes (pepsinogens)

produce hydrochloric acid

makes stomach contents acidic and activates enzymes

produce thin acidic mucous

produce local hormones (gastrin)

Where does most digestive activity occur?

heavy cream formed after food has been processed

body's major digestive organ

muscular tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine

____ hangs in sausaglike coils in the abdominal cavity, suspended by the fan shaped _______

What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine?

joins the large and small intestine

Where does chemical digestion of food begin?

Controls food movement into the small intestine from the stomach

How is bile formed?

nearly all food absorption occurs where?

tiny projections of plasma membrane, give the cell a fuzzy appearance known as brush border

fingerlike projections of mucosa, give a velvety apperance

within each ______ is a rich capillary bed and modified lymphatic capillary bed called ?

Bear enzymes that complete the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates

deeps folds of both mucosa and submucosa layers

collections of lymphatic tissue, found in submucosa increase in number toward the end of small intestine

extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus

what is the major function of the large intestine?

First subdivision of the large intestine; saclike; appendix hangs from it

second subdivision of the large intestine; what are the different parts?

descending colon becomes the ?

third subdivision of the large intestine

fourth subdivisions of the large intestine; ends at the anus

what are the sphincters of the anal canal? what are they made of?

what are present in the large intestine, that produce alkaline mucus

teniae coli display muscle tone which cause the wall to pucker into small pocket like sacs called?

what are the accessory digestive organs?

large glands that lie anteriorly to the ears, when inflamed= mumps

empty their secretions into the floor of the mouth through tiny ducts

mixture of mucous and serous fluid; contains salivary amylase, lysozymes, antibodies

soft, pink, triangular gland extends across the abdomen from the spleen to the duodenum

secreted into the duodenum in an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acid chime coming from stomach

produces hormones insulin and glucagon

largest gland in the body and one of the most important

where is the liver located?

liver is suspended from the diaphragm and abdominal wall by a delicate mesentery cord called?

how does bile leave the liver?

small, thin walled, green sac that snuggels in the surface of the liver

what does the gall bladder do?