what does the skeletal system consists of
cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bones
what kind of tissue is cartilage
connective
does cartilage contain nerves or blood vessels
no
what is cartilage surround by
perichondrium
does perichondrium contain blood vessels
yes
cartilage contains two types of cells, name them
chondroblasts and condrosite
what do the chondroblasts do
makes the matrix of cartilage
what do the condrosites do
maintains the matrix of the cartilage
what are the type of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilages
which cartilage does not contain fibers
hyaline
where are some places in the body where cartilage exists
ends of bones, ends of the vertebra, larynx and trachea, nasal area
which cartilage has elastic fibers in the matrix
elastic
where would we find elastic cartilage
external ear, epiglottis
which cartilage contains collagen fibers
fibrocartilages
where is fibrocartilage located
cartilage between vertebra
what kind of tissue are tendons and ligaments
connective tissue
what kind of connective tissue are tendons and ligaments
dense regular collagenous tissues
what type of cells are in tendons and ligaments
fibroblast and fibrocite
what do fibroblast cells do
create the matrix of tendons and ligaments
what do the fibrosites do
maintains the ligaments and tendons
what is the function of ligaments
attach bone to bone and stabilize the joint
what is the function on tendons
attach muscle to bone
how many bones are in the axial skeleton
80
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton
126
how are bones classified
according to their shape and size
what are long bones
bones that are longer then their width
example of long bones
humerus, tibia, phalanges
what are short bones
length is equal to the width
examples of short bones
carpals, and tarsals
examples of flat bones
sternum, scapula, skull
examples of irregular bones
vertebra and cocoyx
what are bones are surrounded by
periosteum
what is a sesamoid bone
type of short bones that forms within the tendon but is not one of the 206 bones
what are the functions of bones
support, protects, movement, store minerals, storage of fat, blood cell formation, hormone production
what minerals do bones store
calcium, phosphate, zinc, magnesium, iron, carbonate
where is fat stored in the bone
marrow cavity
what is blood formed in the bone
marrow cavity
what hormone helps to regulate bone formation
osteocalcin
what are the types of bones
compact and spongy
what is another name for spongy bone
cancellous
what cells are in the bones
osteoblast, ostoctye, osteoclast
what does osteoblast do
create the matrix of the bone
what does osteocyte do
maintain the matrix
what does the osteoclast do
breaks down the matrix of the bone
what do bones consists of
minerals and collagen
what makes the bones hard
minerals
what makes the bones flexible
collagen
what is intramembraneous bone ossification
at one time the cartilage tissue was something else
example of intramembraneous
clavicle and skull bone
what does bone growth require
calcium, vitamin d, other minerals, protein, vitamin c, growth hormone, thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone, reproductive hormone, exercise
how much calcium needs to be consumed daily
800-1000 mg
what does decreased calcium lead to
osteoporosis
what does excess calcium lead to
kidney stone and failure
what does decreased vitamin d lead to in children and adults
children-rickets
adult-ostemalacia
how much vitamin c is needed daily
500mg
what does decreased vitamin c lead to
scurvy and bow legs